Three dimensional anisotropic rockmass response and tunnel support interaction

为铁路、公路和水利网络修建长(至60公里)、大直径(10米)的隧道，在全球范围内是一个价值300亿美元的行业。这些隧道中的许多穿过高度层状或层状的地面条件。其他隧道，在坚硬的岩石中，经历了诱发的各向异性(剥落)。这些条件，再加上各向异性应力，可能会在衬砌和拱支承处产生很大的异常荷载和力矩。加拿大公司参与了许多这样的海外项目，许多项目在加拿大遇到了类似的情况(尼亚加拉-贝克隧道、La Ronde矿、不列颠哥伦比亚省的公路隧道)。这一建议综合了国际经验、行为测试和最先进的数值分析，以更好地约束地面反应预测并优化支撑设计，以便为加拿大的隧道建设和矿山开发提供竞争优势。该研究计划涉及7篇新的毕业论文(4篇硕士，3篇博士)，以及完成已在进行的3个论文项目，分为5个项目主题：a)优化传统工具，以分析尼亚加拉-贝克(ONT)和Driskos(希腊)隧道层状/剪切地基中的岩体和隧道衬砌响应。(1MSc+1PhD)B)开发和验证高应力下坚硬块状岩体中诱发各向异性(剥落)的起始和发展模型。(1MSc+1PhD)C)开发层状岩体力学参数的现场评估技术，并结合实验室测试，提供各向异性强度和屈服后变形参数的输入。(1MSc+1PhD)建立各向异性屈服、流动和膨胀的本构模型。将2D/3D模型的性能与包括意大利里昂-都灵和委内瑞拉雅坎布在内的隧道施工案例进行比较。(1MSc+1PhD)通过分析A-D任务中的新技术，建立天然和诱导各向异性岩石中最先进的矿山开发地面支架设计，并制定先进的大隧道综合设计指南。(1MSc+1PhD)(1MSc+1PhD)

Construction of long (to 60km), large (>10m) diameter tunnels for rail, road and hydraulic networks is a $30 billion industry worldwide. Many of these tunnels traverse highly foliated or laminated ground conditions. Other tunnels, in hard rocks, experience induced anisotropy (spalling). These conditions, combined with anisotropic stresses can generate high anomalous loads and moments in liners and arch support. Canadian companies are involved in many of these overseas projects and a number of projects encounter similar conditions in Canada (Niagara-Beck tunnel, La Ronde Mine, Highway tunnels in B.C). This proposal combines a synthesis of international experience, behavioural testing and state-of-the-art numerical analysis, to better constrain ground response predictions and optimize support design in order to provide competitive benefit to Canadian tunnelling and mine development. The research plan involves 7 new graduate theses (4 MSc, 3 PhD), plus the completion of  3 thesis projects already in progress, organized into 5 project themes:A) Optimize conventional tools to analyze rockmass and tunnel liner response in laminated/sheared ground in the Niagara-Beck (Ont) and Driskos (Greece) tunnels. (1MSc+1PhD)B) Develop and validate models for initiation and development of induced anisotropy (spalling) in hard massive rockmasses under high stress. (1MSc+1PhD)C) Develop field assessment techniques for mechanical parameters in laminated rockmasses and combine with lab testing to provide input for anisotropic strength and post yield deformation parameters. (1MSc+1PhD)D) Develop constitutive models for anisotropic yield, flow and dilation. Compare 2D/3D model performance against tunneling case histories including Lyon-Turin, Italy and Yacambu, Venezuela. (1MSc+1PhD)E) Establish the state-of the-art for mine development ground-support design in naturally and induced anisotropic rock and develop advanced integrated design guidelines for large tunnels through analysis of case histories incorporating new technologies from tasks A-D.  (1MSc+1PhD)