Dual electrode neurophysiology rig

电生理学是一种通过测量活细胞和组织的电特性（如电压变化和电流）来研究活细胞和组织生理学的技术。 这在神经科学中特别重要，其中可以直接从体内神经元记录动作电位。 尖锐的玻璃电极是通过使用激光拉料器加热玻璃毛细管来生产的，激光拉料器提供力将玻璃拉开并产生具有高电阻的小尖端。 在细胞内神经元记录期间，将尖锐的玻璃电极直接插入神经元以记录跨细胞膜的活动。 细胞外记录将电极的尖端放置在神经元表面附近，而不是记录细胞附近的离子电位变化。 这两种技术都需要使用低噪声放大器、滤波器和数据采集设备来解释制剂中随机活动和噪声的结果。 通过使用双电极记录，可以同时记录昆虫大脑内的两个区域。 双电极记录的好处是可以从多个神经元真实的时间记录交互式神经元过程，例如动作电位放电中的抑制或协同作用。 记录后，神经元被染色以确定整个大脑的连接和目标。 我将使用这种技术的组合来研究昆虫的嗅觉，这是一种用于高级嗅觉处理的简单模型。 特别是，大脑内的化学混合物的感觉编码的机制将被确定。 通过这项研究提供的见解将有利于加拿大和世界各地的医学，农业，基础神经科学和人工智能研究。

Electrophysiology is a technique used to study physiology of living cells and tissues by measuring their electrical properties, such as voltage change and current flow.  This is of particular importance in neuroscience, wherein action potentials may be recorded directly from neurons in-vivo.  Sharp glass electrodes are produced by heating glass capillaries using a laser puller, which provides force to pull glass apart and produce small tips with high resistance.  During intracellular neuronal recording, a sharp glass electrode is inserted directly into a neuron to record activity across the cell membrane.  Extracellular recording places the tip of the electrode near the neuronal surface, instead recording ion potential changes in the cell vicinity.  Both techniques require the use of low-noise amplifiers, filters and data acquisition devices to interpret results from random activity and noise within a preparation.  By using dual-electrode recording, it is possible to record from two areas simultaneously within insect brains.  The benefit of dual-electrode recording is that interactive neuronal processes such as inhibition or synergy in action potential firing may be documented from multiple neurons in real time.  After recording, neurons are stained to determine connections and targets throughout the brain.  I will use this combination of techniques to investigate insect olfaction, a simple model for higher olfactory processing.  In particular, mechanisms of sensory coding of chemical mixtures within the brain will be determined.  Insights provided through this study will be beneficial to medical, agricultural, basic neuroscience and artificial intelligence research throughout Canada and the world.