The role of introduced species and environmental change in the spread and impacts of an emerging global amphibian pathogen, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis

引进物种和环境变化在全球新兴两栖动物病原体 Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis 的传播和影响中的作用

• 批准号: 356837-2007
• 负责人: Anholt, Bradley
• 金额: $ 5.75万
• 依托单位: University of Victoria
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Strategic Projects Supplemental Competition
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2007-01-01 至 2008-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=362021
• 关键词: role; introduced; species; environmental; change

Emerging infectious diseases pose a serious threat to both biodiversity and human health. Understanding the reasons for disease emergence, identifying the vectors of spread and assessing factors that govern transmission and pathogenicity have now become urgent research priorities. First recognized in 1998, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis caused chytridiomycosis is an emerging disease that has been implicated in catastrophic declines of amphibians in Europe, North America, Central and South America, and Australia. Our pilot project in 2005 detected this disease on Vancouver Island. In addition, the American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana), which is believed to be an important vector of B. dendrobatidis dispersal, has been widely introduced in the province and is expanding its range. In western Canada there is potential impact on endangered and threatened amphibians such as the Northern Leopard Frog, Oregon Spotted Frog, and Western Toad. Little is known aboutthe potential impact of the disease Canada-wide. We will examine how natural biotic and abiotic factors, contaminants and habitat change, interact to influence transmission and chytridiomycosis progression using factorial mesocosm experiments, field surveys, genetic approaches and modeling. Our collaborators Mr. B. Pauli, Environment Canada, Dr. H. Schwantje, Wildlife Health Program, and Dr. P. Govindarajulu, Ecosystems Branch, BC Ministry of the Environment will utilize the information from our research to plan recovery for endangered amphibians and to institute landscape level management strategies to prevent/mitigate amphibian disease outbreaks. Dr. TWJ Garner at the Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London and Dr. M Fisher at the Dept. of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College, London are part of theinternational effort to understand disease driven global amphibian declines and will provide us with the technical assistance necessary to examine ecological and genetic drivers for the emergence and spread of chytridiomycosis. Our project will contribute much needed research into the dynamics and management of rapidly emerging infectious diseases in wildlife.

新出现的传染病对生物多样性和人类健康构成严重威胁。了解疾病出现的原因，确定传播媒介和评估控制传播和致病性的因素，现已成为紧迫的研究重点。首次发现于1998年，由树枝状芽孢杆菌引起的壶菌病是一种新兴疾病，与欧洲、北美、中美洲和南美洲以及澳大利亚两栖动物的灾难性下降有关。我们2005年的试点项目在温哥华岛发现了这种疾病。此外，被认为是B重要传播媒介的美国牛蛙（Rana catesbeiana）。已在该省广泛引进，并正在扩大其范围。在加拿大西部，对濒危和受威胁的两栖动物有潜在的影响，如北方豹蛙、俄勒冈州斑点蛙和西部蟾蜍。人们对这种疾病在加拿大范围内的潜在影响知之甚少。我们将研究如何自然的生物和非生物因素，污染物和栖息地的变化，相互作用，影响传播和壶菌病的进展，使用因子围隔实验，实地调查，遗传方法和建模。我们的合作者B先生。Pauli，加拿大环境部，H. Schwantje，野生动物健康计划，和博士P. Govindarajulu，生态系统分支，不列颠哥伦比亚省环境部将利用我们的研究信息，计划濒危两栖动物的恢复，并制定景观管理战略，以防止/减轻两栖动物疾病的爆发。伦敦动物学会动物学研究所的TWJ Garner博士和该部门的M Fisher博士。伦敦帝国理工学院传染病流行病学研究所的研究是国际努力的一部分，以了解疾病驱动的全球两栖动物减少，并将为我们提供必要的技术援助，以检查壶菌病的出现和传播的生态和遗传驱动因素。我们的项目将有助于对野生动物中迅速出现的传染病的动态和管理进行急需的研究。