New non-invasive device for measuring the biomechanics of the optic nerve head

用于测量视神经乳头生物力学的新型非侵入性设备

• 批准号: 350692-2007
• 负责人: Ozaki, Tsuneyuki
• 金额: $ 10.08万
• 依托单位: Institut national de la recherche scientifique
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Strategic Projects - Group
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2007-01-01 至 2008-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=362262
• 关键词: New; non; invasive; device; measuring

Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that share a distinct type of optic nerve damage that can lead to blindness. The prevalence of glaucoma increases markedly with age. A major difficulty of this disease is that most people who have glaucoma do not notice any symptoms until they begin to lose substantial segments of their visual field. This visual loss is permanent. The World Health Organization estimates that there are 13.5 million people with glaucoma worldwide. Currently, about 300,000 Canadians are diagnosed with glaucoma. It is estimated that another 150,000 Canadians have glaucoma but remain undiagnosed.Our recent studies suggest that the biomechanical compliance of the lamina cribrosa differs dramatically between patients with rapidly deteriorating glaucoma and patients with stable glaucoma. The lamina cribrosa is the porous disc of specialized sclera through which the axons composing the optic nerve leave the eye and many of the capillaries and blood vessels feeding the eye enter. Our static measurements show that the displacement of the lamina cribrosa of high-risk patients is more than 10 times larger than those of low-risk patients. This finding suggests that the lamina of high-risk patients is less rigid and thus has a larger pulsation, resulting in larger damage to the axons and the rapid progression of glaucoma. However, there is presently no equipment that can measure this pulsatility.TTie objective of this project is to develop a device that can measure the pulsatility of the lamina cribrosa, for early diagnosis of high-risk glaucoma. The device should have micron spatial resolution and millisecond temporal resolution. A major advantage of this device is that it will be able to perform measurements within a reasonably short time, and with high accessibility (no need to take medicine or have ocular surgery to reduce long-term intraocular pressure). As a result, individuals that have high-risk for glaucoma can be identified before loss of vision starts, benefiting the health of Canadians, and preventing the low quality-of-life and high costs related to glaucoma

青光眼是一组眼部疾病，它们具有不同类型的视神经损伤，可导致失明。青光眼的患病率随着年龄的增长而显着增加。这种疾病的一个主要困难是，大多数患有青光眼的人直到开始失去大部分视野才注意到任何症状。这种视力丧失是永久性的。世界卫生组织估计，全球有 1350 万人患有青光眼。目前，约有30万加拿大人被诊断患有青光眼。据估计，还有 150,000 名加拿大人患有青光眼，但仍未得到诊断。我们最近的研究表明，快速恶化的青光眼患者和稳定的青光眼患者之间的筛板生物力学顺应性存在显着差异。筛板是特殊巩膜的多孔盘，组成视神经的轴突通过该盘离开眼睛，并且为眼睛供血的许多毛细血管和血管通过该盘进入。我们的静态测量显示，高危患者的筛板位移比低危患者大10倍以上。这一发现提示，高危患者的椎板刚性较差，因而搏动较大，导致轴突损伤较大，青光眼进展迅速。然而，目前还没有可以测量这种搏动的设备。该项目的目标是开发一种可以测量筛板搏动的设备，用于高危青光眼的早期诊断。该设备应具有微米空间分辨率和毫秒时间分辨率。该设备的一个主要优点是能够在相当短的时间内完成测量，并且具有较高的可及性（无需服用药物或进行眼科手术来降低长期眼压）。因此，可以在视力开始丧失之前识别出青光眼高风险人群，从而有益于加拿大人的健康，并防止与青光眼相关的低生活质量和高成本