Biomechanics of fin/body interactions in fish propelled by median and/or paired fins

由中鳍和/或成对鳍推动的鱼类鳍/身体相互作用的生物力学

• 批准号: 360028-2008
• 负责人: Blake, Robert
• 金额: $ 2.92万
• 依托单位: University of British Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Research Tools and Instruments - Category 1 (<$150,000)
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2007-01-01 至 2008-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=362324
• 关键词: Biomechanics; fin; body; interactions; fish

How do animals work? In whole animals the question usually refers to the relationship(s) of structure to function. For example, how does a fish swim? The mechanics (how a fish interacts with water to produce propulsive forces), energetics (how much energy it costs a fish to swim) and efficiency (how much energy is wasted) are well understood for fish that swim by sending waves down their bodies. This has allowed for an understanding of the feats of endurance mmigrating salmon, the high swimming speed of tuna and the rapid acceleration of pike as they catch their prey. Less is known about fish that have a protective rigid body (like boxfish and pufferfish) that swim by fin movements which may act like paddles rowing, wings or undulating sheets. In previous studies, I identified a number of adaptations that allow these fish to move efficiently through the complex, cluttered environments such as coral reefs or kelp beds in which they live. This study looks at a number of energetically advantageous mechanical interactions between the fish's fins and body. For example, a waving sheet-like fin attached to a rigid body is very effective and efficient due to a positive paddling fin as it comes up close to the side of the body of an angel fish is probably sufficient to stop the fin without the need for any muscle power. Wing-like fins that flap rapidly against the sides of a swimming fish can produce jet effects as water is squeezed out between the underside of the fin and the side of the body. Recently, engineers have turned to biology for ideas and models for structures and vehicles that they build. This is the new science of biomimetics. Fin propelled rigid bodied fish are viewed as biomimetic model systems for the design and function of automated underwater vehicles to be used in environmental monitoring such as detecting concentrations and sources of pollutants.

动物如何工作？在整个动物中，问题通常涉及结构与功能的关系。例如，鱼是如何游泳的？对于通过向身体发送波浪来游泳的鱼来说，力学（鱼如何与水相互作用以产生推进力）、能量学（鱼游泳需要多少能量）和效率（浪费了多少能量）是众所周知的。这使得我们能够了解鲑鱼迁徙的耐力、金枪鱼的高游泳速度以及梭子鱼捕捉猎物时的快速加速能力。人们对具有保护性刚体的鱼类（如箱鲀和河豚）知之甚少，这些鱼类通过鳍的运动来游泳，其行为可能类似于桨划动、翅膀或起伏的床单。在之前的研究中，我发现了一些适应能力，使这些鱼能够在复杂、杂乱的环境中有效地移动，例如它们生活的珊瑚礁或海藻床。这项研究着眼于鱼鳍和身体之间的许多能量上有利的机械相互作用。例如，附着在刚体上的波浪状片状鳍非常有效和高效，因为当鳍靠近天使鱼身体的侧面时，积极的划动鳍可能足以使鳍停止，而不需要任何肌肉力量。当水从鳍的下侧和身体侧面之间被挤出时，快速拍打游动鱼两侧的翼状鳍可以产生喷射效果。最近，工程师们转向生物学来寻找他们建造的结构和车辆的想法和模型。这是仿生学的新科学。鳍驱动的刚性体鱼被视为自动水下航行器的设计和功能的仿生模型系统，用于环境监测，例如检测污染物的浓度和来源。