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Enzymatic conversion of hemi/cellulosic residues using novel thermostable enzymes from hyperthermophiles

使用来自超嗜热菌的新型热稳定酶对半/纤维素残基进行酶促转化

基本信息

批准号：
357071-2007
负责人：
Ma, Kesen
金额：
$ 7.26万
依托单位：
University of Waterloo
依托单位国家：
加拿大
项目类别：
Strategic Projects Supplemental Competition
财政年份：
2007
资助国家：
加拿大
起止时间：
2007-01-01 至 2008-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=363078
关键词：
Enzymatic conversion hemi cellulosic residues

项目摘要

Major biomass on earth comprises trees and crops. Agricultural residues are a major type of biomass material remaining after harvesting agricultural crops and can be used for producing renewable energy sources such as ethanol. The main obstacle for bioconversion of the residues is difficulty in utilization of their virtually insoluble components, cellulose and hemicellulose, and in high efficient production of ethanol by microorganisms. It is highly desirable to use minimal pretreatment of the raw materials and achieve maximal bioconversion to renewable energy sources. Hyperthermophiles are a group of microorganisms that can grow at temperatures up to 121Â°C, and they possess highly thermostable enzymes, such as cellulase and xylanase, and other enzymes catalyzing further metabolic processes towards the production of ethanol, which have great potential in the application of bioconversion of agricultural as well as tree residues. It is also expected thatconversion rate of the cellulosic and hemicellulosic materials will be higher at elevated temperatures. Our long-term goal of this research is to develop a highly efficient enzymatic system for the conversion of cellulosic and hemicellulosic materials using thermostable and proficient enzymes. Our specific objectives of this proposal are: to identify and characterize novel hydrolases and key enzymes involved in pentose metabolic pathway; to enhance enzymatic activities for being used for the conversion of agricultural residues. The discovery of new types of cellulase and hemicellulase, and novel enzymes involved in pentose utilization, will help improve currently used industrial fermentation processes and provide central information for production of thermostable enzymes catalyzing the conversion of lignocellulosic materials.

地球上的主要生物质包括树木和农作物。农业残留物是收获农作物后剩余的主要类型的生物质材料，并且可用于生产可再生能源，例如乙醇。生物转化的主要障碍是难以利用其几乎不溶的组分纤维素和半纤维素，以及难以通过微生物高效生产乙醇。非常希望使用最少的原材料预处理并实现最大的生物转化为可再生能源。超嗜热菌是一组可以在高达121 °C的温度下生长的微生物，它们拥有高度热稳定的酶，如纤维素酶和木聚糖酶，以及其他催化进一步代谢过程以产生乙醇的酶，这些酶在农业和树木残留物的生物转化应用中具有巨大的潜力。还预期纤维素和半纤维素材料的转化率在升高的温度下将更高。本研究的长期目标是开发一种高效的酶系统，用于使用热稳定和熟练的酶转化纤维素和半纤维素材料。我们的具体目标是：识别和表征新的水解酶和戊糖代谢途径中的关键酶;提高酶的活性，用于农业残留物的转化。新型纤维素酶和半纤维素酶以及与戊糖利用有关的新型酶的发现，将有助于改进目前使用的工业发酵工艺，并为催化木质纤维素材料转化的热稳定酶的生产提供重要信息。