Sustainable, plant-based diets for salmonid aquaculture

为了满足加拿大人对鱼类产品日益增长的需求，并鼓励他们选择更健康的饮食，水产养殖业一直以每年8- 10%的速度增长。增长给该行业带来了挑战，包括需要减少对全球鱼粉供应下降的依赖，因为鱼粉是鲑鱼和鳟鱼等肉食性鱼类的主要蛋白质来源。植物成分具有作为肉食性鱼类饲料成分的潜力，开发这一机会的额外好处是为加拿大大豆、油菜和豌豆等作物生产商创造另一个市场。不幸的是，植物成分会引起鲑鱼的肠道炎症，对鱼类的生长和健康产生负面影响。植物成分对鲑鱼的负面影响可能是由于成分与肠道的直接相互作用，也可能是间接影响，因为饲料成分导致复杂的肠道微生物群落发生变化，进而影响肠道生理。通过研究各种植物成分和混合物对鱼类生长、肠道健康和肠道微生物群落的影响，可以确定造成负面影响的成分，并深入了解其机制。这项工作的结果将确定植物成分的加工类型和程度，以减少其对鱼类生长和健康的负面影响。了解饲料组成和肠道健康之间相互作用的机制将有助于为水产养殖业制定改进的、可持续的饲料，并在未来选择和制定包括新植物成分的饲料。

To meet growing demands for fish products and encourage healthier diet choices by Canadians, the aquacultureindustry has been growing at an annual rate of 8-10%. Growth has brought challenges to the industry,including the need to decrease reliance on declining global supplies of fish meal as the major protein source forcarnivorous fish such as salmon and trout. Plant ingredients have potential as feed ingredients for carnivorousfish and developing this opportunity has the added benefit of creating another market for Canadian producersof crops such as soybean, canola and peas. Unfortunately, plant ingredients cause intestinal inflammation insalmonid fish, which has a negative impact on fish growth and health. The negative effects of plant ingredientson salmonid fish may be due to direct interactions of ingredients with the intestine or they may be indirecteffects, resulting from feed ingredients causing changes in the complex intestinal microbial community that inturn affect intestinal physiology. By studying the effects of various individual plant ingredients and mixtureson fish growth, intestinal health and the intestinal microbial community, components of the ingredientsresponsible for the negative effects can be identified and insight gained into the mechanisms responsible.Results of this work will determine the type and degree of processing of plant ingredients required to reducetheir negative impact on fish growth and health. An understanding of the mechanisms at work in theinteraction between diet composition and intestinal health will lead to the formulation of improved, sustainablediets for the aquaculture industry and in the future selection and formulation of diets including new plantingredients.