Biostatistical methods in epidemiology

流行病学中的生物统计学方法

• 批准号: 8754-2006
• 负责人: Walter, Stephen
• 金额: $ 1.29万
• 依托单位: McMaster University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2008-01-01 至 2009-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=389829
• 关键词: Biostatistical; methods; epidemiology

The applicant's work involves collaborative research with clinical and population epidemiologists, and development of related biostatistical methodology. The proposed work will be in three main areas: (1) evaluation of diagnostic and screening tests; (2) properties of effect measures commonly used in epidemiology; and (3) design and analysis of clinical trials. Area 1: Specific issues to be considered include: test evaluation with an imperfect reference standard; meta-analysis of diagnostic and screening studies; properties of the summary ROC curve; and extension of latent class models to cover uncertainty in diagnostic markers. Area 2: Two effect measures (NNT and PAR) will be investigated. The NNT  (Number Needed to Treat) index reflects the relative number of patients who benefit from a therapeutic intervention. Among various statistical issues to be investigated is the estimation of a threshold value for NNT, taking into account the values of both harms and benefits of the intervention.  A related focus will be the behaviour of PAR (population attributable risk) estimates in the presence of imperfect data on exposure and/or disease status. Area 3: The applicant will work on basic properties of two new methods - the expertise-based clinical trial, and preference-based analysis of trial data. Research on the verification of treatment blinding procedures, and bias from measurement error in baseline variables will also continue.

申请人的工作包括与临床和人口流行病学家合作研究，以及发展相关的生物统计方法。拟议的工作将集中在三个主要领域：(1)评估诊断和筛选试验；(2)流行病学常用效应测度的性质；(3)临床试验的设计与分析。领域1：需要考虑的具体问题包括：参考标准不完善的测试评价；诊断和筛查研究的荟萃分析；汇总ROC曲线的性质；扩展潜在类别模型以涵盖诊断标记的不确定性。范围2：将调查两项影响措施（新界北区及PAR）。NNT（需要治疗的人数）指数反映了从治疗干预中受益的患者的相对数量。在需要调查的各种统计问题中，估计NNT的阈值是考虑到干预的危害和益处的值。一个相关的重点将是在暴露和/或疾病状况数据不完善的情况下，PAR（人口归因风险）估计的行为。领域3：申请人将研究两种新方法的基本特性-基于专业知识的临床试验和基于偏好的试验数据分析。对治疗盲法程序的验证以及基线变量测量误差偏差的研究也将继续进行。