Mining-induced seismicity - hazard assessment and mitigation for deep mining

矿业对我们国家的经济有很大影响。2003年，采矿业占加拿大出口收入的12.6%，为经济贡献了410亿美元，直接雇用了38.9万加拿大人。随着对原材料需求的不断增长，世界级矿床的发现和开发已成为国家的关键支柱。然而，该行业面临着严峻的挑战：缺乏HQP，经济矿藏的发现有限，采矿方法成本高且风险高，以及与深部采矿相关的挑战。拟议的研究旨在影响矿产资源回收进程，帮助采矿业适应这些挑战，适应新的法规，并增加国际竞争。今天，高金属价格给加拿大的矿山带来了巨大的压力，要求它们提高开采率，并将深层储量转变为经济矿山。然而，由于深度增加(2500米)，在加拿大著名的安全标准范围内开采这些储量变得更加困难。突然猛烈的岩石破坏(岩爆)很难预测，并对深部采矿构成重大危险。尽管预测冲击地压本身存在困难和复杂性，但风险管理的战略重要性是显而易见的。该项目旨在开发、测试和论证一种新的方法的有效性，该方法可以用数值方法来预测由岩石开挖引起的全矿脆性破坏迁移模式。这项研究将利用复杂的多维地球物理和地震学数据来验证一种创新的地质力学解释假说，即“采矿多米诺骨牌效应”。新知识将通过培训总部工作人员和用数据整合、建模和信息检索的新方法支持决策来传播。这项研究的预期结果将产生新的采矿战略，使加拿大人能够开发更有效和更经济的采矿过程。它还将有助于更好地管理其他领域的类似问题，如核废料储存库的选址、了解二氧化碳封存储存库的行为、流体注入和油气储存库管理。

Mining has a strong influence on our nation's economy. In 2003, mining accounted for 12.6% of Canada's export earnings, contributed $41 billion to the economy, and directly employed 389,000 Canadians. With the growing demand for raw and processed materials, the discovery and development of world-class ore deposits has become a key nation sustainer. However, industry faces serious challenges: lack of HQP, limited discovery of economic deposits, costly and risky mining methods, and challenges related to deep mining. The proposed research is designed to impact the mineral resources recovery process, assist the mining industry in adapting to these challenges, to new regulations, and to increased international competition. Today, high metal prices place tremendous pressure on Canadian mines to increase extraction rates and transform deep reserves into economic mines. However, due to increased depths (>2500 m), these reserves are more difficult to extract within Canada's renowned safety standards. Sudden violent rock failures (rockbursts) are difficult to predict and pose a major hazard to deep mining. Despite inherent difficulties and complexities involved in forecasting rockbursts, the strategic importance for risk management is evident. This project aims to develop, test and demonstrate the validity of a new approach to numerically predict mine-wide brittle failure migration patterns caused by rock excavation. The research will utilize complex multi-dimensional geophysical and seismological data to validate an innovative geomechanical interpretation hypothesis called "mining domino effect". The new knowledge will be disseminated by training HQP and by supporting decision-making with new methodologies of data integration, modeling and information retrieval. The expected outcome of this research will result in novel mining strategies that will enable Canadians to develop more efficient and economical mining processes. It will also assist in better managing similar problems in other fields such as in siting nuclear waste repositories, understanding the behavior of CO2 sequestration reservoirs, fluid injection and oil and gas reservoir management.