Characterization of ABC transporters in parasitic nematodes

ABC转运蛋白存在于所有生物体中，是最大的蛋白质家族之一。 生活在不同环境中并且必须适应各种外部条件的生物体具有大量ABC转运蛋白（例如，秀丽隐杆线虫染色体编码60个ABC转运蛋白），而占据更受限制的生长生态位的生物体具有相当少的转运蛋白（例如，布氏锥虫染色体编码21个ABC转运蛋白）。 ABC转运蛋白是许多细胞过程中不可或缺的，但很少有人知道这些蛋白质在寄生线虫。 在农场动物和人类中，线虫引起疾病、死亡和经济损失。 对它们的生存至关重要的是运输机制，其中包括ABC转运蛋白。 目前用于治疗线虫的所有驱虫剂都靶向转运蛋白。 一些ABC转运蛋白基因序列已被确定在寄生线虫，但功能研究不存在。 这项研究的长期目标是了解ABC转运蛋白介导的线虫耐药性。 在此之前，可以完成，ABC转运蛋白在寄生线虫的基础知识必须扩大。 为此，马来丝虫（一种寄生在人类淋巴系统中的线虫）将被用作模式生物。 该研究的具体目标是（1）使用生物信息学和基因组分析来识别和分类布鲁日病ABC转运蛋白超家族;（2）通过转染C.带有寄生虫基因的线虫;（3）使用定量RT-PCR确定在所有性和生命周期阶段中的表达模式;和（4）使用定点诱变和结合测定确定布鲁日虫转运蛋白的底物特异性和转运动力学。 这项研究对于扩大寄生线虫中ABC转运蛋白的基础知识并深入了解其细胞功能具有重要意义。 由于许多ABC转运蛋白是驱虫药的靶点，因此本研究将提出新的或替代的控制策略，并扩展对驱虫药耐药机制的现有知识。

ABC transporters have been found in all living organisms and form one of the largest characterized protein families. Organisms that live in diverse environments and that must adapt to various external conditions have a large repertoire of ABC transporters (e.g., Caenorhabditis elegans chromosomes encode 60 ABC transporters) while organisms that occupy a more restricted growth niche have considerably less (e.g., Trypanosoma brucei chromosomes encode 21 ABC transporters). ABC transporters are integral to many cellular processes, yet little is known of these proteins in parasitic nematodes. In farm animals and humans, nematodes cause disease, death and economic loss. Essential to their survival are transport mechanisms, which include ABC transporters. All anthelmintics currently used to treat nematodes target transporters. Some ABC transporter gene sequences have been identified in parasitic nematodes however, functional studies do not exist. The long-term goal of the research is to understand ABC transporter mediated drug resistance in nematodes. Before this can be accomplished, the basic knowledge of ABC transporters in parasitic nematodes must be expanded. To do this Brugia malayi, a nematode that resides in the lymphatic system of humans, will be used as the model organism. The specific goals of the research are to (1) use bioinformatic and genomic analyses to identify and classify the Brugia ABC transporter superfamily; (2) create a spatial proteome of Brugia transporters by transfection of C. elegans with parasite genes; (3) determine the expression patterns in all sexual and life cycle stages using quantitative RT-PCR; and (4) determine the substrate specificity and transport kinetics of Brugia transporters using site-directed mutagenesis and binding assays. The research has implications for expanding the basic knowledge of ABC transporters in parasitic nematodes and providing insight into their cellular functions. As many ABC transporters are targets for anthelmintics, this research will suggest new or alternative control strategies and also expand the existing knowledge of the mechanism of resistance to anthelmintics.