Aquaculture waste utilization: bio-actives from farmed salmon and cod

水产养殖废物利用：来自养殖鲑鱼和鳕鱼的生物活性

• 批准号: 372683-2008
• 负责人: Gill, Thomas
• 金额: $ 13.66万
• 依托单位: Dalhousie University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Strategic Projects - Group
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2009-01-01 至 2010-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=435286
• 关键词: Aquaculture; waste; utilization; bio; actives

Aquaculture continues to grow at an unprecedented rate of 8.8% per year since the early 1970's and this comes at a time when the harvest of wild-caught fish has leveled off due to global concerns about over-fishing. It is now clear that the growing market demand created in the world's seafood supply will have to be met by aquaculture. Despite the potential for growth, there is continued pressure from regulators to limit expansion based upon public concern over environmental concerns as well as spread of disease from farmed species to wild species. In addition, there is a public perception that the farmed species are fed growth-promoting and antibacterial chemicals that could become part of the food supply. One problem with the aquaculture fishery is the potential impact of processing waste on the environment. Much of this waste is converted into fish meal, silage or fertilizers yielding very low returns on investment in the necessary facilities to produce these by-products. However, it is now known that certain fish proteins recoverable from processing waste possess potential human health benefits. Dr. Marette and his team of researchers at Laval University have been able to link the presence of high levels of dietary fish protein (to date cod and Atlantic salmon) with a marked increase in insulin sensitivity in high fat-fed (obese) rats and humans. This is significant insofar as type 2 diabetes is related to obesity and has known to affect nearly 2 million Canadians. The thrust of this research project is to use edible aquaculture processing waste to produce metabolically bioactive peptides and to develop a new "nutraceutical" approach to the treatment of type 2 diabetes in humans. The commercial opportunity will be to use the bio-active nutraceuticals from farmed cod and Atlantic salmon to enhance insulin sensitivity in individuals prone to Type 2 diabetes. At the same time, the utilization of aquaculture discards for nutraceutical production could divert waste materials into production of more profitable end-products.

自20世纪70年代初S以来，水产养殖业继续以每年8.8%的史无前例的速度增长，与此同时，由于全球对过度捕捞的担忧，野生捕捞鱼类的产量已经趋于平稳。现在很明显，世界海产品供应产生的日益增长的市场需求将不得不通过水产养殖来满足。尽管有增长的潜力，但出于公众对环境问题的担忧以及疾病从养殖物种向野生物种的传播，监管机构仍面临限制扩张的压力。此外，有一种公众看法认为，养殖物种被喂养了促进生长和抗菌的化学物质，这些化学物质可能成为食品供应的一部分。水产养殖渔业的一个问题是加工废物对环境的潜在影响。这些废物中的大部分被转化为鱼粉、青贮或化肥，对生产这些副产品的必要设施的投资回报非常低。然而，现在人们知道，从加工废物中回收的某些鱼类蛋白对人类健康有潜在的好处。马雷特博士和他在拉瓦尔大学的研究团队已经能够将高水平食用鱼类蛋白质(迄今为止的鳕鱼和大西洋鲑鱼)与高脂肪喂养(肥胖)的大鼠和人类胰岛素敏感性的显著增加联系起来。这一点意义重大，因为2型糖尿病与肥胖有关，已知影响近200万加拿大人。这项研究项目的主旨是利用可食用水产养殖加工废物生产代谢生物活性多肽，并开发一种治疗人类2型糖尿病的新的“营养食品”方法。商业机会将是使用来自养殖鳕鱼和大西洋鲑鱼的生物活性营养食品来增强易患2型糖尿病的人的胰岛素敏感性。同时，将水产养殖废弃物用于营养食品生产可以将废物转化为更有利可图的最终产品的生产。