Cooperative optimization and control in a networked environment

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Many practical complex physical systems, such as internet systems, utility power grids, networked control systems, and sensor network, etc., exhibit a complex structure consisting of many (cooperative) operating units, called nodes, and interconnected (physically or virtually) backbone, called network paths. The role of network paths is not just in providing link function but actually in the aspect of facilitating the interaction among nodes. The overall system performance is normally not only determined by operation of nodes but also by network path structure, or, in other words, by the interaction among nodes, even if such interaction may be virtual. Accordingly, any optimization of such kind of complex systems should be a strategy that could render both optimal node dynamics and the best choice of all network paths achieving the desired overall system performance.