Augmented reality for minimally invasive spinal surgery

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Advances in video imaging have played a key role in bringing forth the widespread use of Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) in a variety of procedures such as cardiology, neurosurgery, orthopaedics, urology and oncology. However, the inherent difficulties of MIS techniques have traditionally imposed limitations on their applicability. Reduced instrumental control and freedom, combined with unusual hand-to-eye coordination and limited view of the operating field, enforce restrictions on the surgeon and require considerable dexterity and skill. On the other hand, these procedures entail several benefits for the patient and the healthcare system: smaller incisions, minimal blood loss, preservation of normal tissue, reduced pain, and shortened recovery and rehabilitation times.