Influence of high-level visual processes on saccadic eye movements

高级视觉过程对眼跳运动的影响

• 批准号: 249868-2007
• 负责人: Everling, Stefan
• 金额: $ 1.71万
• 依托单位: University of Western Ontario
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2011-01-01 至 2012-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=479378
• 关键词: Influence; level; visual; processes; saccadic

Research over the past 50 years has demonstrated that the primate cerebral cortex contains more than 30 specialised visual areas. An important principle that has emerged from research in the visual system is the anatomical segregation of cortical areas involved in specific functional aspects of visual processing. The visual system seems to be organised into at least two separate pathways that both originate in the primary visual cortex. A dorsal pathway projects through the parietal cortex whereas a ventral pathway projects through the temporal cortex. According to an influential model, the two systems are assumed to act independently. The dorsal action stream provides flexible control of phylogenetic old subcortical visuomotor modules for the generation of motor acts, while the ventral "perception" stream provides the rich and detailed representation of the visual world required for cognitive operations. Although this hypothesis has been supported by numerous psychophysical and neuropsychological studies, several recent findings suggest that the visual streams may interact more often than expected from this model. The strongest evidence for an interaction of the two visual streams has come from studies that have demonstrated that faces act as potent targets for movements of the eyes and that the gaze direction of a subject can influence the motor preparation of the eye movements. This is surprising as the temporal lobe is involved in high-level visual processing, including the processing of faces, whereas areas in the frontal lobe, parietal lobe and midbrain are involved the generation of fast eye movements. In this research project, we will investigate the neural mechanisms that lead to the effects of faces on eye movements.

过去50年的研究表明，灵长类动物的大脑皮层包含30多个专门的视觉区域。从视觉系统研究中出现的一个重要原则是参与视觉处理的特定功能方面的皮层区域的解剖分离。视觉系统似乎被组织成至少两个独立的通路，它们都起源于初级视觉皮层。背侧通路通过顶叶皮质投射，而腹侧通路通过颞叶皮质投射。 根据一个有影响力的模型，这两个系统被假设为独立行动。背侧动作流提供了灵活的控制系统发育的旧皮层下的视觉模块的产生的电机行为，而腹侧的“感知”流提供了丰富和详细的表示所需的认知操作的视觉世界。虽然这一假设已经得到了许多心理物理学和神经心理学研究的支持，但最近的一些研究结果表明，视觉流可能比该模型预期的更频繁地相互作用。两种视觉流相互作用的最强有力的证据来自研究，这些研究表明，面部作为眼睛运动的有效目标，并且受试者的注视方向可以影响眼睛运动的运动准备。这是令人惊讶的，因为颞叶参与高级视觉处理，包括面部处理，而额叶，顶叶和中脑的区域涉及快速眼球运动的产生。在这个研究项目中，我们将研究导致面部对眼动影响的神经机制。