Development of millimeter-wave CMOS transceivers for gigabit wireless personal area networks

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The unlicensed 60-GHz band offers a large seven-gigahertz bandwidth and great interoperability around the world for development of high-data-rate short-range wireless communication systems. However, there are two major obstacles in the way to widespread use of 60 GHz links. First, as these systems have traditionally been implemented in expensive compound semiconductor processes, the high cost of fabrication has prevented the 60 GHz links from being an economical alternative to low-GHz wireless systems. Second problem is the high absorption of material, especially oxygen, at millimeter-wave frequencies, leading to high path loss and making the transmission of 60 GHz signals very difficult.