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The impacts of urban and suburban landscapes on native bee conservation and crop pollination

城市和郊区景观对本地蜜蜂保护和作物授粉的影响

基本信息

批准号：
356855-2009
负责人：
Fournier, Valerie
金额：
$ 1.6万
依托单位：
Université Laval
依托单位国家：
加拿大
项目类别：
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
财政年份：
2011
资助国家：
加拿大
起止时间：
2011-01-01 至 2012-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=483099
关键词：
impacts urban suburban landscapes native

项目摘要

Flower-visiting insects, such as wild bees, bumblebees and the honeybee, provide an essential service to human populations, pollination. This service is vital to agriculture as more than one third of the global food supply requires the visit of pollinators. Populations of wild bees have been reported to decline across Europe and North America. Habitat loss is likely to be one of several factors to contribute to these declines. Few studies have examined the effects of urban and suburban developments on native bee communities and no studies have explored the movement of wild bees at the interface of urban/suburban and rural areas. The overall objective of this proposal is to investigate the impacts of urban and suburban landscapes on wild bee conservation and crop pollination. The specific objectives of this research program are to 1) determine whether wild bee diversity and abundance change across a gradient of development (from urban to natural lands); 2) identify the plant species that support wild bees; 3) determine the effect of urban landscape components, such as ornamentals, turf grass, and non-plant, on the abundance and biodiversity of wild bees in adjacent agricultural fields; and 4) determine whether floral patches located in sub/urban-rural interfaces enhance the movement of wild bees into crops. The proposed research is novel and will have important implications for urban landscape management, conservation planning, and land-use policies.

野蜂、熊蜂和蜜蜂等访花昆虫为人类提供授粉这一基本服务。这项服务对农业至关重要，因为全球三分之一以上的粮食供应需要传粉媒介的访问。据报道，欧洲和北美的野生蜜蜂数量有所下降。栖息地丧失可能是导致这些下降的几个因素之一。很少有研究探讨城市和郊区发展对本地蜜蜂群落的影响，也没有研究探讨野生蜜蜂在城市/郊区和农村地区交界处的移动。该提案的总体目标是调查城市和郊区景观对野生蜜蜂保护和农作物授粉的影响。该研究计划的具体目标是 1) 确定野生蜜蜂的多样性和丰度是否随着发展梯度（从城市到自然土地）的变化而变化； 2）确定支持野蜂的植物种类； 3) 确定城市景观组成部分（例如观赏植物、草坪草和非植物）对邻近农田野蜂丰度和生物多样性的影响； 4) 确定位于郊区/城乡交界处的花斑是否会促进野生蜜蜂进入农作物。拟议的研究是新颖的，将对城市景观管理、保护规划和土地使用政策产生重要影响。