The economic advantages of processing on feed value of alternative ingredients for turkeys

畜牧业通过将人类不直接消费的物质转化为高质量的食物，在食物链中回收营养物质仍然是一个重要的组成部分。一个例子是将小麦和油菜籽加工成生物燃料的副产品作为动物饲料进行回收利用。该项目旨在增加这些副产品的价值，有助于提高加工业保持竞争力的能力，并通过提高饲料价值来改善畜牧业的经济效益。本提案将评估加拿大生产的两种最常见的生物燃料乙醇和生物柴油中的副产品在火鸡日粮中的营养价值。具体而言，重点将放在含有可溶性(DDGS)的小麦干酒糟、高蛋白油菜籽分离物和粗甘油上。在加拿大西部，小麦是生产乙醇的主要谷物；然而，我们对DDGS的营养价值的了解有限，特别是关于使用酶和/或加工来提高DDGS的营养价值的影响。加拿大大油菜籽作物的一部分用于生产生物柴油，该行业的副产品是菜籽粕(例如分离蛋白(高蛋白))和甘油(高能)。为了优化饲料配方，我们必须对各种副产品的营养素的可获得性(消化率和摄入量/包涵体水平限制(例如，由于纤维或植酸盐等抗营养因子的水平))有准确的信息。由于商业火鸡日粮是制粒的，了解副产品来源(和包含物水平)与制粒过程中采用的各种工艺条件对颗粒质量的影响之间的相互作用也很重要。此外，有兴趣了解的是，加工氨基酸消化率较低的产品(小麦DDGS)是否可以通过改善营养可获得性和一致性来增加副产品对畜牧业的价值。如果可以通过加工和/或酶来提高氨基酸的利用率，那么饲料价值就会增加，未消化氮的排泄量就会减少。

The animal industry remains an important part of recycling nutrients in the food chain by converting material not consumed directly by humans into high quality food. An example is the recycling, as feed for animals, of co-products derived from processing wheat and canola for biofuel. This project is designed to add value to these co-products that will contribute to the processing industry's ability to remain competitive and also improve the economics of the animal industry by improving feed value. The present proposal will assess the nutritional value of co-products, in turkey diets, of the two most common biofuels produced in Canada, ethanol and biodiesel. Specifically the focus will be on wheat dried distillers grains with soluble (DDGS), high protein canola isolates and crude glycerol. In Western Canada wheat is the main cereal used in ethanol production; however, our understanding of the nutritional value of DDGS is limited, in particular relative to the impact of using enzymes and/or processing to improve nutritional value of DDGS. A portion of the Canada's large canola crop is used in production of biodiesel, co-products of this industry are both canola meal (e.g. protein isolates (high protein)) and glycerol (high energy). For optimal feed formulation, we must have accurate information on the availability (digestibility and limits to intake/ inclusion level (e.g. due to levels of antinutritional factors such as fibre or phytates)) of nutrients of the various co-products. As commercial turkey diets are pelleted it is also important to understand the interaction between co-product source (and level of inclusion) and the various processing conditions employed during pelleting on pellet quality. In addition it is of interest to understand if processing of a product with lower amino acid digestibility (wheat DDGS) can increase the value of the co-products to the animal industry by improving the availability and consistency of nutrient availability. If the amino acid utilization can be improved by processing and/or enzymes then feed value is increased, and excretion of undigested nitrogen reduced.