The economic advantages of processing on feed value of alternative ingredients for turkeys

畜牧业仍然是食物链中营养物质回收的重要组成部分，它将人类不直接消费的物质转化为高质量的食物。一个例子是将小麦和油菜籽加工成生物燃料后产生的副产品回收用作动物饲料。 该项目旨在增加这些副产品的价值，这将有助于加工业保持竞争力的能力，并通过提高饲料价值来改善畜牧业的经济状况。本提案将评估火鸡饮食中乙醇和生物柴油这两种加拿大生产的最常见生物燃料的副产品的营养价值。具体来说，重点将放在小麦干酒糟与可溶性（DDGS），高蛋白卡诺拉分离物和粗甘油。在加拿大西部，小麦是乙醇生产中使用的主要谷物;然而，我们对DDGS营养价值的了解有限，特别是相对于使用酶和/或加工以提高DDGS营养价值的影响。加拿大的大部分油菜作物用于生产生物柴油，该行业的副产品是油菜籽粉（例如蛋白质分离物（高蛋白））和甘油（高能量）。 为了获得最佳的饲料配方，我们必须掌握关于各种副产品营养素的可用性（消化率和摄入量限制/包含水平（例如，由于纤维或植酸盐等抗营养因素的水平））的准确信息。 由于商业火鸡饲料是制粒的，因此了解副产品来源（和包含水平）与制粒过程中采用的各种加工条件之间的相互作用对颗粒质量也很重要。此外，了解氨基酸消化率较低的产品（小麦DDGS）的加工是否可以通过改善营养物质的可用性和一致性来增加副产品对畜牧业的价值也很有意义。如果氨基酸利用率可以通过加工和/或酶来提高，那么饲料价值就会增加，未消化氮的排泄就会减少。

The animal industry remains an important part of recycling nutrients in the food chain by converting material not consumed directly by humans into high quality food. An example is the recycling, as feed for animals, of co-products derived from processing wheat and canola for biofuel. This project is designed to add value to these co-products that will contribute to the processing industry's ability to remain competitive and also improve the economics of the animal industry by improving feed value. The present proposal will assess the nutritional value of co-products, in turkey diets, of the two most common biofuels produced in Canada, ethanol and biodiesel. Specifically the focus will be on wheat dried distillers grains with soluble (DDGS), high protein canola isolates and crude glycerol. In Western Canada wheat is the main cereal used in ethanol production; however, our understanding of the nutritional value of DDGS is limited, in particular relative to the impact of using enzymes and/or processing to improve nutritional value of DDGS. A portion of the Canada's large canola crop is used in production of biodiesel, co-products of this industry are both canola meal (e.g. protein isolates (high protein)) and glycerol (high energy). For optimal feed formulation, we must have accurate information on the availability (digestibility and limits to intake/ inclusion level (e.g. due to levels of antinutritional factors such as fibre or phytates)) of nutrients of the various co-products. As commercial turkey diets are pelleted it is also important to understand the interaction between co-product source (and level of inclusion) and the various processing conditions employed during pelleting on pellet quality. In addition it is of interest to understand if processing of a product with lower amino acid digestibility (wheat DDGS) can increase the value of the co-products to the animal industry by improving the availability and consistency of nutrient availability. If the amino acid utilization can be improved by processing and/or enzymes then feed value is increased, and excretion of undigested nitrogen reduced.