Efficacy of hydrothermal reactors, enzymes and additives to increase the utilization and safety of canola meal for livestock

水热反应器（HTR）利用水分和控制温度（50 ~ 100℃）来减少原料中的抗营养因子（ANFs）和病原体，提高动物饲料中营养物质的利用率。在油籽的调理过程中，htr被用于提高油的产量，破坏ANFs和脱溶（去除溶剂）。在饲料生产中，水热处理仅持续时间短（通常在颗粒饲料之前少于60秒）。该项目将使用实验室台架htr来评估不同来源的油菜籽和/或粕（包括部分，如壳（纤维）或分离蛋白）作为底物，与水、酶（如植酸酶、糖酶和/或蛋白酶）、酸化剂和其他添加剂（如乳化剂、表面活性剂和/或颗粒粘合剂）在不同温度下、不同时间（即~30分钟）混合。将监测成品饲料价值的变化（例如，氨基酸、能量和矿物质的可用性）；减少ANFs（例如，植酸盐、纤维、硫代葡萄糖苷和酶抑制剂）；减少病原体和抵抗再污染（即使用有机酸来优化pH值和保存饲料）；改善饲料的功能特性（即颗粒质量）。食用菜籽粕的不同种类的牲畜将受益于不同的处理，这些处理将在肉鸡身上得到验证。所有的测量都将用于估计NIR（近红外反射光谱）的能力，以预测加工和添加剂的要求，以及保持质量控制。根据这项研究的结果，其他饲料原料（如DDGS（酒糟干谷物，乙醇工业的副产品）、饲料谷物、豆类、脂肪来源和饲料）将被提议进行类似的评估。饲料和/或粉碎行业应用的成本将被评估。

Hydrothermal reactors (HTR) use moisture and controlled temperatures (50 to >100C) to reduce antinutritional factors (ANFs) and pathogens in ingredients and increase the utilization of nutrients in animal feed. HTRs are employed during conditioning of oilseeds to increase yield of oil, destroying ANFs and for desolventizing (remove solvents) the meal. In feed production, hydrothermal treatments are only for short duration (typically less than 60 sec, prior to pelleting diets). The project will use lab-bench HTRs to evaluate different sources of canola seed and/or meal (including fractions such as hull (fibre) or protein isolates) as a substrate mixed with combinations of water, enzymes (e.g. phytase, carbohydrases and/or proteases), acidifiers and other additives (e.g., emulsifiers, surfactants and/or pellet binders) at different temperatures for different periods of time (i.e., ~30 min).The finished product will be monitored for the changes in feed value (e.g., availability of amino acids, energy and minerals); reduction of ANFs (e.g., phytate, fibre, glucosinolates, and enzyme inhibitors); reduction of pathogens and resistance to recontamination (i.e., use of organic acids to optimize pH and preserve feed); and improved functional properties of feed (i.e., pellet quality). The different classes of livestock consuming canola meal will benefit from different treatments and these will be validated in broiler chickens. All measurements will be used in estimating the capability of NIR (Near Infrared Reflectance spectroscopy) to predict processing and additive requirements as well as for maintaining quality control. Based on the outcome of this study other feed ingredients (e.g., DDGS (Distillers Dried Grain with Solubles, a by-product of ethanol industry), feed grains, legumes/ pulses, fat sources, and forages) would be proposed for similar evaluation. Costs of applications by feed and/or crushing industries will be evaluated.