Efficacy of hydrothermal reactors, enzymes and additives to increase the utilization and safety of canola meal for livestock

水热反应堆(HTR)使用水分和受控温度(50到&gt；100℃)来减少成分中的抗营养因子(ANF)和病原体，并提高动物饲料中营养物质的利用率。HTR在油籽调理过程中被使用，以增加油料的产量，破坏ANF，并用于脱溶(去除溶剂)。在饲料生产中，水热处理只持续很短的时间(通常少于60秒，在饲料制粒之前)。该项目将使用实验室高温反应来评估不同来源的油菜籽和/或豆粕(包括壳(纤维)或分离蛋白等部分)作为底物，在不同温度下(即~30分钟)与水、酶(例如植酸酶、碳水化合物和/或蛋白酶)、酸化剂和其他添加剂(例如乳化剂、表面活性剂和/或颗粒粘合剂)的组合混合。将监测成品饲料价值的变化(例如，氨基酸、能量和矿物质的可获得性)；减少ANF(例如植酸盐、纤维、硫代葡萄糖酸盐和酶抑制剂)；减少病原体和抵抗再污染(即使用有机酸来优化pH和保存饲料)；以及改善饲料的功能特性(即颗粒质量)。食用菜籽粕的不同类别的牲畜将从不同的处理中受益，这些处理将在肉鸡身上得到验证。所有测量将用于评估近红外反射光谱(NIR)预测加工和添加剂需求的能力以及维持质量控制的能力。根据这项研究的结果，其他饲料成分(例如，DDGS(含可溶物质的蒸馏干谷物，乙醇工业的副产品)、饲料谷物、豆类/豆类、脂肪来源和牧草)将被建议进行类似的评估。将评估饲料和/或压榨行业的申请成本。

Hydrothermal reactors (HTR) use moisture and controlled temperatures (50 to >100C) to reduce antinutritional factors (ANFs) and pathogens in ingredients and increase the utilization of nutrients in animal feed. HTRs are employed during conditioning of oilseeds to increase yield of oil, destroying ANFs and for desolventizing (remove solvents) the meal. In feed production, hydrothermal treatments are only for short duration (typically less than 60 sec, prior to pelleting diets). The project will use lab-bench HTRs to evaluate different sources of canola seed and/or meal (including fractions such as hull (fibre) or protein isolates) as a substrate mixed with combinations of water, enzymes (e.g. phytase, carbohydrases and/or proteases), acidifiers and other additives (e.g., emulsifiers, surfactants and/or pellet binders) at different temperatures for different periods of time (i.e., ~30 min).The finished product will be monitored for the changes in feed value (e.g., availability of amino acids, energy and minerals); reduction of ANFs (e.g., phytate, fibre, glucosinolates, and enzyme inhibitors); reduction of pathogens and resistance to recontamination (i.e., use of organic acids to optimize pH and preserve feed); and improved functional properties of feed (i.e., pellet quality). The different classes of livestock consuming canola meal will benefit from different treatments and these will be validated in broiler chickens. All measurements will be used in estimating the capability of NIR (Near Infrared Reflectance spectroscopy) to predict processing and additive requirements as well as for maintaining quality control. Based on the outcome of this study other feed ingredients (e.g., DDGS (Distillers Dried Grain with Solubles, a by-product of ethanol industry), feed grains, legumes/ pulses, fat sources, and forages) would be proposed for similar evaluation. Costs of applications by feed and/or crushing industries will be evaluated.