Efficacy of hydrothermal reactors, enzymes and additives to increase the utilization and safety of canola meal for livestock

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Hydrothermal reactors (HTR) use moisture and controlled temperatures (50 to >100C) to reduce antinutritional factors (ANFs) and pathogens in ingredients and increase the utilization of nutrients in animal feed. HTRs are employed during conditioning of oilseeds to increase yield of oil, destroying ANFs and for desolventizing (remove solvents) the meal. In feed production, hydrothermal treatments are only for short duration (typically less than 60 sec, prior to pelleting diets). The project will use lab-bench HTRs to evaluate different sources of canola seed and/or meal (including fractions such as hull (fibre) or protein isolates) as a substrate mixed with combinations of water, enzymes (e.g. phytase, carbohydrases and/or proteases), acidifiers and other additives (e.g., emulsifiers, surfactants and/or pellet binders) at different temperatures for different periods of time (i.e., ~30 min).The finished product will be monitored for the changes in feed value (e.g., availability of amino acids, energy and minerals); reduction of ANFs (e.g., phytate, fibre, glucosinolates, and enzyme inhibitors); reduction of pathogens and resistance to recontamination (i.e., use of organic acids to optimize pH and preserve feed); and improved functional properties of feed (i.e., pellet quality). The different classes of livestock consuming canola meal will benefit from different treatments and these will be validated in broiler chickens. All measurements will be used in estimating the capability of NIR (Near Infrared Reflectance spectroscopy) to predict processing and additive requirements as well as for maintaining quality control. Based on the outcome of this study other feed ingredients (e.g., DDGS (Distillers Dried Grain with Solubles, a by-product of ethanol industry), feed grains, legumes/ pulses, fat sources, and forages) would be proposed for similar evaluation. Costs of applications by feed and/or crushing industries will be evaluated.