Bioaccessibility, bioavailability and mineralogy of soil metal contaminants for application to site specific risk assessment

土壤中的金属污染物可通过摄取或吸入土壤颗粒以及通过肠道或肺部吸收污染物而对人体健康构成威胁。管理污染场地清理的法规大多通过测量这些颗粒物中金属的总浓度来计算潜在剂量，尽管用于确定金属总浓度的苛刻酸提取方法与肠道或肺部环境不同。有许多方法可以确定真正的暴露可能是什么，包括模拟胃液和测量金属在溶液中的释放，将受污染的土壤喂给动物和测量污染物的消除。这项拟议的工作将结合这两项技术，以更好地了解土壤中镍摄取后释放的控制器。这一新知识将带来工具，使行业和监管机构能够对受污染土地的命运做出具有成本效益和科学信息的决定，以保护人类和环境健康，并具有已知和可接受的安全边际。

Metal contaminants in soil can pose a risk to human health through exposure via ingestion or inhalation of soil particles and absorption of the contaminant by the gut or lung. Regulations governing the cleanup of contaminated sites mostly calculate the potential dose by measuring the total concentration of metal in these particles, even though the harsh acid extraction used to determine total metal concentrations is not similar to the gut or lung environment. There are a number of methods to determine what the true exposure might be, including simulating gastric juices and measuring release of the metal into solution, and feeding the contaminated soils to animals and measuring elimination of the contaminant. The proposed work will combine these two techniques to better understand the controllers of Ni release from soils after ingestion. This new knowledge will lead to tools that enable industry and regulators to make cost-effective and scientifically informed decisions for the fate of contaminated lands that protect human and environmental health with a known and acceptable margin of safety.