Regulation of toxin production in HABs

有害藻华是大量生长的有害或有毒藻类。 这些都发生在沿海地区和湖泊。在全球范围内，有害藻华一直在增加，这与对水生生态服务的需求增加有关-稀释我们的废物，消耗我们的营养素等。 在某些方面，添加营养物质会使水华的毒性增加或减少，或者选择毒性更强的物种而不是毒性更弱的物种。 (1)在第一个项目中，我们将重点关注对沿海沃茨产生不利影响的海洋物种，特别是水产养殖设施。目前，世界上供人类消费的鱼类产量有一半以上来自水产养殖，而野生渔业的产量要么稳定，要么下降。在过去的二十年里，来自两个研究属（异弯藻属和异囊藻属）的经常性威胁对全世界的野生鱼类和网围栏鱼类造成了广泛的损害。(2)我们的第二个研究将阐明毒素生产的重要性，属伪菱形藻。伪菱形藻水华对人类健康有巨大影响，对水产养殖业造成经济损失，并严重影响自然沿海生态系统。了解DA的细胞作用是实现一些预测性见解的关键，以调节何时何地伪菱形藻爆发变得有毒的环境条件。 (3)我们的最后一项研究，考虑了蓝藻毒素的环境调控-毒素从蓝藻在湖泊中。蓝细菌，光合原核生物，是突出的稳定，温暖，富营养化（营养丰富）的淡水资源。当有过量的营养物质时，那么蓝藻的生物量增加。但我们认为，正是水中的微量金属成分刺激了几种关键毒素-微囊藻毒素、节球藻毒素和BBMA。 所有这些毒素都会造成严重的人类健康问题。

Harmful algal blooms are large growths of undesired or toxic algal species. These occur in both coastal zones and lakes. Globally, HABs have been on the increase is correlation with the increase demands for the aquatic ecological services - diluting our wastes, consuming our nutrients, etc. It is commonly stated that eutrophication leads to HABs but this is misleading. There are aspects of adding nutrients that make the blooms more or less toxic or that select for more toxic species over less toxic species. (1) In the first project we will focus on marine species that adversely affect out coastal waters - in particular, the aquaculture facilities. Over one half of the world's fish production for human consumption currently comes from aquaculture while wild fisheries' yields are either stable or declining. Recurring threats from the two studies genera (Heterosigma and Heterocapsa) have caused extensive damage to wild and net-penned fish worldwide over the past two decades. (2) Our second study will elucidate the importance of toxin production to the genus Pseudo-nitzschia. Blooms of Pseudo-nitzschia can have enormous impacts on human health, cause economic losses to aquaculture industries, and substantially affect natural coastal ecosystems. Understanding the cellular role for DA lies at the crux of achieving some predictive insights to the environmental conditions regulating when and where Pseudo-nitzschia outbreaks become toxic. (3) Our final study, considers the environmental regulation of cyanotoxins - toxins from cyanobacterial in lakes. Cyanobacteria, photosynthetic prokaryotes, are prominent in stable, warm, eutrophic (nutrient rich) freshwater resources. When there are excess nutrients, then the biomass of the cyanobacterial increase. But we propose that it is the trace metal composition of the water that stimulates several key toxins - microcystin, nodularin, and BBMA. All of these toxins create serious human health issues.