Regulation of toxin production in HABs

有害的藻华是大量生长的有害或有毒的藻类物种。这些都发生在海岸带和湖泊中。在全球范围内，赤潮一直在增加，这与对水生生态服务的需求增加有关-稀释我们的废物，消耗我们的营养物质等。人们通常说富营养化导致赤潮，但这是误导。添加营养物质会使花朵的毒性增加或减少，或者选择毒性较高的物种而不是毒性较低的物种。(1)在第一个项目中，我们将重点关注对沿海水域-特别是水产养殖设施-造成不利影响的海洋物种。目前，世界上供人类消费的水产品产量的一半以上来自水产养殖，而野生渔业的产量要么稳定，要么下降。过去二十年来，来自这两个研究属的反复出现的威胁对世界各地的野生和网箱养殖的鱼类造成了广泛的损害。(2)我们的第二项研究将阐明毒素产生对拟菱形藻属的重要性。拟菱形藻水华可对人类健康造成巨大影响，给水产养殖业造成经济损失，并对沿海自然生态系统产生重大影响。了解DA的细胞作用的关键在于获得对环境条件的一些预测性见解，以调控假性菱形藻何时何地发生中毒。(3)我们的最后一项研究，考虑了蓝藻毒素--湖泊蓝藻毒素的环境调节。蓝藻是一种具有光合作用的原核生物，在稳定、温暖、富营养(营养丰富)的淡水资源中占有重要地位。当营养过剩时，蓝藻的生物量就会增加。但我们认为，是水中的微量金属成分刺激了几种关键毒素-微囊藻毒素、结节毒素和BBMA。所有这些毒素都会造成严重的人类健康问题。

Harmful algal blooms are large growths of undesired or toxic algal species. These occur in both coastal zones and lakes. Globally, HABs have been on the increase is correlation with the increase demands for the aquatic ecological services - diluting our wastes, consuming our nutrients, etc. It is commonly stated that eutrophication leads to HABs but this is misleading. There are aspects of adding nutrients that make the blooms more or less toxic or that select for more toxic species over less toxic species. (1) In the first project we will focus on marine species that adversely affect out coastal waters - in particular, the aquaculture facilities. Over one half of the world's fish production for human consumption currently comes from aquaculture while wild fisheries' yields are either stable or declining. Recurring threats from the two studies genera (Heterosigma and Heterocapsa) have caused extensive damage to wild and net-penned fish worldwide over the past two decades. (2) Our second study will elucidate the importance of toxin production to the genus Pseudo-nitzschia. Blooms of Pseudo-nitzschia can have enormous impacts on human health, cause economic losses to aquaculture industries, and substantially affect natural coastal ecosystems. Understanding the cellular role for DA lies at the crux of achieving some predictive insights to the environmental conditions regulating when and where Pseudo-nitzschia outbreaks become toxic. (3) Our final study, considers the environmental regulation of cyanotoxins - toxins from cyanobacterial in lakes. Cyanobacteria, photosynthetic prokaryotes, are prominent in stable, warm, eutrophic (nutrient rich) freshwater resources. When there are excess nutrients, then the biomass of the cyanobacterial increase. But we propose that it is the trace metal composition of the water that stimulates several key toxins - microcystin, nodularin, and BBMA. All of these toxins create serious human health issues.