Regulatory control of toxicity among hemolytic, neurotoxic, fish-killing species of phytoplankton under current and future ocean conditions

人类活动正在影响所有沿海海洋。最重要的是含氮化合物的形式和供应速度的变化（富营养化），溶解有机碳水平的增加（褐化），pH值的降低（海洋酸化），以及与淡水的混合增强。除了这些因素之外，全球温度和风应力的变化也改变了混合和运输的物理结构。 在这些变化中，有害藻华物种事件的频率和持续时间都在增加。 我的研究计划将积极考虑未来海洋对HAB事件的影响，作为基于知识的海洋预测的一部分。我们要满怀信心地确定有害生物将如何应对气候变化的影响，还有很长的路要走。我的研究团队正在处理目前的情况，以回答对科学进步至关重要的问题，并解决社会对海洋未来的担忧。 我的研究计划将产生世界领导者在理解这些驱动因素（温度，盐度和pH值）对三种鱼类杀死有害藻种，赤潮异弯藻，米氏凯伦藻和Prymnesium parvum之间的相互作用。虽然在分类学上不同，这三个有害藻华物种有共同的生理特性，在毒性的行动，导致一个统一的研究计划，有关沿海海洋和淡水系统。 为了严格解决这个研究项目，我的研究团队将：（1）创建一个生态毒理学方法来评估在受控条件下生长的细胞中毒性水平的评估;（2）使用生物化学方法建立关键毒理学属性的物种间比较（例如，溶血素、神经毒素、穿膜脂肪酸）;和（3）评估在单一（盐度、pH、温度和稳定性）和组合（盐度x pH x温度x稳定性）条件下每个物种的生长成功率和毒素含量。 我的研究小组将对未来海洋条件下可能发生的有害赤潮后果进行更深入的讨论。 这项研究计划对依赖鲜鱼的加拿大普通民众，特别是西海岸鲑鱼，以及依赖水产养殖业的加拿大人来说都很重要，因为西海岸鲑鱼爆发了异弯藻属，造成了天然鲑鱼的巨大损失。我们预期的结果是减少赤潮爆发的频率或减轻赤潮自然暴发的毒性后果。akashiwo和两种潜在的入侵物种K. mikimotoi和P. parvum的发现，为自然和商业渔业提供了巨大的好处，并为加拿大人提供了美学上改善的水和空气质量。

Human activities are affecting all coastal oceans. At the forefront are changes in the form and rate of supply of nitrogen-containing compounds (eutrophication), increased levels of dissolved organic carbon (brownification), lowered pH (ocean acidification), and enhanced mixing with freshwaters. Added to these factors are the global changes in temperature and wind stress that alter the physical structure of mixing and transport. Within these changes is the rise in frequency and duration of events of harmful algal bloom (HAB) species. My research program will proactively consider the effect of the future oceans on HAB events as part of a knowledge-based marine forecast. We are a long way from ascertaining with confidence how HABs will respond to climate change forcing. My research team is dealing with present conditions to answer questions that are critical to scientific advancement and address society concerns about the future of the oceans. My research program will generate world leaders in understanding the interactions between several of these drivers (temperature, salinity, and pH) on three fish killing HAB species, Heterosigma akashiwo, Karenia mikimotoi and Prymnesium parvum. While taxonomically disparate, the three HAB species share common physiological traits in the action of toxicity leading to a unified research program relevant to both coastal marine and freshwater systems. To rigorously address this research program, my research team will: (1) Create an eco-toxicological approach to evaluate the assessment of the levels of toxicity in cells grown under controlled conditions; (2) Establish, using biochemical methods, an inter-species comparison of key toxicological attributes (e.g., hemolysins, neurotoxins, membrane penetrating fatty acids); and (3) Evaluate the growth success and toxin content of each species under single (salinity, pH, temperature, and stability) and combinatorial (salinity x pH x temperature x stability) conditions. My research team will develop a deeper discussion on the consequences of HABs that are likely to occur under future ocean conditions. This research program is important to the general Canadian population that depends on fresh fish, particularly west coast salmon where outbreaks of Heterosigma sp. have caused great losses in the natural salmon run, and to Canadians that depend on the aquaculture industry. Our anticipated outcomes are to reduce the frequency of HAB outbreaks or to mitigate toxic consequences of the natural blooms of H. akashiwo and the two potentially invasive species, K. mikimotoi and P. parvum, provide coastal environments with great benefits to the natural and commercial fisheries, and provide Canadians with esthetically improved water and air quality.