Understanding nanoscale elecctronic devices for future technologies

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For the past 40 years, silicon transistor technology has driven the electronics industry, with continually decreasing transistor size and continally increasing signal-processing power. This trend, well-known as "Moore's law," has primarily been enabled by our ability to "scale down" the size of the conventional metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) transistor. However, as the critical dimensions of conventional transistors move into the nanometer regime, and as fundamental limits on scaling are approached, industry and university research in electronic devices has shifted to examining alternatives. New candidates being considered to augment or even replace silicon transistors include those made from carbon nanotubes and carbon nanoribbons, those utilizing compound III-V semiconductors, and those exploiting the property of electronic spin.