Fuel cell hybrid schemes for renewable flex power generation

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Global concerns relating to the uncertain cost of fossil fuels, energy security, and environmental sustainability have brought "green" alternatives to the forefront of the energy sector. Canada's commitment to reduce green house emission by 20% by 2020 requires fast incorporation of renewable power in the electricity distribution system. Distributed and intermittent renewable energy sources including photovoltaic arrays, wind turbines, fuel cells, and ocean tidal generators require energy conversion and storage technologies to transform raw unregulated power into quality power needed to supply stand-alone AC loads and inject power into the grid uninterruptedly. The main technical challenges associated with successful integration of renewable power are intermittency, stability, power flow control, power quality, utilization, and efficiency. When two or more power sources are combined in a hybrid system to mitigate intermittency effects and improve stability, further technical challenges arise from their interactions, resulting in the need for reliable coordinated operation.