Mécanismes de la plasticité neuronale et de l'encodage des signaux visuels

神经元可塑性机制与视觉符号编码

• 批准号: 6943-2010
• 负责人: Molotchnikoff, Stéphane
• 金额: $ 3.64万
• 依托单位: Université de Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2012-01-01 至 2013-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=513265
• 关键词: canismes; de; la; plasticit; neuronale

Our research program is centered on two important topics in neuroscience: A) mechanisms of neuronal plasticity, and B) encoding processes of sensory signals. The ability of adult sensory nerve cells to adapt their response to changing stimuli is an important capability of neurons. We propose a series of experiments aimed at studying the physiological mechanisms responsible for cortical plasticity following adaptation in the visual cortex of anesthetized adult cats. The following properties will be investigated: orientation and spatial frequency preferences, direction velocity selectivities. More specifically, we will study the role of inhibition in attractive and repulsive shifts of the peak of the tuning curves. Several drugs linked to glutamate receptors are believed to facilitate or prevent cortical plasticity. We will test the effect of local drug application on the ability of neurons to change their preferred stimulus after adaptation. Using intrinsic optical imaging we will study the modifications of composite orientation maps. Specifically, pinwheels, and cardinal and oblique orientation domains will be compared to provide a detailed structural map after adaptation. We will examine how cells in area 18 react to plasticity in area 17 cells. That is, we will analyze the influence of adaptation inherited from earlier cortical areas. In parallel, we will investigate the relationships between image structures and response patterns and synchronization indexes, in a pairwise fashion, testing the hypothesis that firing patterns and synchronization are related to signal processing. A dissimilarity index (1-r, Pearson coefficient) will correlate evoked firing patterns and stimuli applied within a cell's receptive field(s). A second correlation will compare synchronization indexes induced by two trains of action potentials in response to the same image properties. The above computations will permit establishing two distinct representational dissimilarity matrices for both areas (17 and 18). These computations will allow us to determine which property dominates and hence guide the establishment of category-sensitive subregions in areas 17 and 18. We may then determine if firing rates or synchronization are more sensitive, and thus more reliable, in coding image properties.

我们的研究项目集中在神经科学中的两个重要课题：A）神经元可塑性的机制，和B）感觉信号的编码过程。 成年感觉神经细胞适应变化刺激的能力是神经元的一种重要能力。我们提出了一系列的实验，目的是研究的生理机制负责皮层可塑性以下适应麻醉成年猫的视觉皮层。 将研究以下性质：方向和空间频率偏好，方向速度选择性。更具体地说，我们将研究抑制的作用，在吸引和排斥的调谐曲线的峰值移动。几种与谷氨酸受体相关的药物被认为可以促进或阻止皮质的可塑性。我们将测试局部药物应用对神经元适应后改变其偏好刺激的能力的影响。使用内禀光学成像，我们将研究复合方向图的修改。具体而言，风车，基数和倾斜方向域将进行比较，以提供一个详细的结构图后调整。我们将研究18区的细胞如何对17区细胞的可塑性做出反应。也就是说，我们将分析从早期皮层区域继承的适应性的影响。同时，我们将调查图像结构和响应模式和同步指数之间的关系，在成对的方式，测试的假设，即发射模式和同步信号处理。相异性指数（1-r，皮尔逊系数）将使诱发放电模式与细胞感受野内施加的刺激相关。第二个相关性将比较响应于相同图像属性的两列动作电位诱导的同步指数。上述计算将允许为两个区域（17和18）建立两个不同的代表性相异性矩阵。这些计算将使我们能够确定哪个属性占主导地位，从而指导在区域17和18中建立类别敏感子区域。然后，我们可以确定在对图像属性进行编码时，激发速率或同步是否更敏感，从而更可靠。