Plasma synthesis of reactive species and nanoparticles with controlled surface chemistry

具有受控表面化学的活性物质和纳米粒子的等离子体合成

• 批准号: 250354-2012
• 负责人: Coulombe, Sylvain
• 金额: $ 2.99万
• 依托单位: McGill University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2012-01-01 至 2013-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=514547
• 关键词: Plasma; synthesis; reactive; species; nanoparticles

Nanoparticles are physicochemical entities having at least one dimension inferior to 100 nm. Due to their extremely high surface areas, such particles are ideal hosts for chemical reactions and gas storage through adsorption on their surface. They can be fabricated of numerous materials including metals, semiconductors and insulators and used in a variety of applications ranging from catalysis, photovoltaic cells, and fuel additives in rocket engines. When properly stabilized and dispersed in a host fluid, they may form colloidal suspensions. The nanofluids thus produced exhibit enhanced or new properties with respect to the base fluids. Nanoparticles may render electrically conductive an otherwise insulating fluid. Their composition can be tuned to acquire uncommon properties like efficient direct solar energy absorbance, enhanced heat capacity (storage capacity), laser light amplification and chemical affinity with specific molecules. One of the main objectives of this research programme is to further develop various plasma-assisted synthesis processes to obtain the desired nanoparticles and nanofluids. Specific applications in mass transfer, gas storage and solar energy harvesting and conversion will be considered.

纳米颗粒是至少一维小于100nm的物理化学实体。由于其极高的表面积，此类颗粒是化学反应和通过其表面吸附进行气体储存的理想宿主。它们可以由多种材料制成，包括金属、半导体和绝缘体，并可用于多种应用，包括催化、光伏电池和火箭发动机中的燃料添加剂。当适当稳定并分散在主体流体中时，它们可以形成胶体悬浮液。由此产生的纳米流体相对于基液表现出增强的或新的特性。纳米颗粒可以使原本绝缘的流体导电。可以调整它们的成分以获得不常见的特性，例如高效的直接太阳能吸收、增强的热容量（存储容量）、激光放大以及与特定分子的化学亲和力。该研究计划的主要目标之一是进一步开发各种等离子体辅助合成工艺以获得所需的纳米颗粒和纳米流体。将考虑传质、气体储存以及太阳能收集和转换方面的具体应用。