Quantum matter on-a-chip

芯片上的量子物质

• 批准号: 312427-2009
• 负责人: Gervais, Guillaume
• 金额: $ 5.9万
• 依托单位: McGill University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2012-01-01 至 2013-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=514904
• 关键词: Quantum; matter; chip

In recent years, the electronic properties of low-dimensional structures such as electrons 'trapped' in quantum wells (2D), flowing in a quantum wire (1D) or forming a quantum dot (0D), have drawn a high-level of interest for both fundamental aspects and promising device applications. As the temperature of the electrons present in these structures is reduced toward very near absolute zero, totally new properties emerge from a competition between many-body electron-electron interactions, disorder, and fluctuations. Examples of interest include 'bizarre' phenomena such as the fractionalization of charge excitations in 2D, fractional (abelian and perhaps non-abelian) quantum statistics in 2D, as well as the separation of spin and charge predicted to occur in 1D. These phenomena cannot be understood in terms of classical or Boltzmann physics; they are the result of the subtle mechanics that emerge when quantum particles interact near T=0. Our group at McGill works at elucidating new quantum phases of matter 'on-chip' in semiconductor tailor-made electronic and fluidic structures.

近年来，低维结构的电子特性，如电子“被困”在量子阱（2D）中，在量子线（1D）中流动或形成量子点（0D），在基础方面和有前途的设备应用方面都引起了高度的兴趣。当存在于这些结构中的电子的温度降低到非常接近绝对零度时，在多体电子-电子相互作用、无序和波动之间的竞争中，全新的性质出现了。有趣的例子包括“奇怪的”现象，如二维中电荷激发的分数化，二维中的分数（阿贝尔和可能非阿贝尔）量子统计，以及预计在一维中发生的自旋和电荷的分离。这些现象不能用经典物理学或玻尔兹曼物理学来理解；它们是量子粒子在T=0附近相互作用时出现的微妙力学的结果。我们在麦吉尔的团队致力于阐明半导体定制电子和流体结构中“芯片上”物质的新量子相。