Quantum matter on-a-chip

近年来，低维结构的电子性质，如电子在量子阱(2D)中的捕获、在量子线中的流动(1D)或形成量子点(0D)，在基本方面和潜在的器件应用方面都引起了高度的兴趣。随着存在于这些结构中的电子的温度降低到非常接近绝对零度，多体电子-电子相互作用、无序和涨落之间的竞争产生了全新的性质。令人感兴趣的例子包括诸如2D中电荷激发的分数化、2D中的分数(阿贝尔和可能非阿贝尔)量子统计，以及预测将在一维中发生的自旋和电荷分离等“奇怪”现象。这些现象不能用经典或玻尔兹曼物理学来理解；它们是量子粒子在T=0附近相互作用时出现的微妙机制的结果。我们在McGill的团队致力于在半导体定制的电子和流体结构中阐明物质的新量子相“芯片上”。

In recent years, the electronic properties of low-dimensional structures such as electrons 'trapped' in quantum wells (2D), flowing in a quantum wire (1D) or forming a quantum dot (0D), have drawn a high-level of interest for both fundamental aspects and promising device applications. As the temperature of the electrons present in these structures is reduced toward very near absolute zero, totally new properties emerge from a competition between many-body electron-electron interactions, disorder, and fluctuations. Examples of interest include 'bizarre' phenomena such as the fractionalization of charge excitations in 2D, fractional (abelian and perhaps non-abelian) quantum statistics in 2D, as well as the separation of spin and charge predicted to occur in 1D. These phenomena cannot be understood in terms of classical or Boltzmann physics; they are the result of the subtle mechanics that emerge when quantum particles interact near T=0. Our group at McGill works at elucidating new quantum phases of matter 'on-chip' in semiconductor tailor-made electronic and fluidic structures.