Quantum matter on-a-chip

芯片上的量子物质

• 批准号: 312427-2009
• 负责人: Gervais, Guillaume
• 金额: $ 5.9万
• 依托单位: McGill University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2013-01-01 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=526508
• 关键词: Quantum; matter; chip

In recent years, the electronic properties of low-dimensional structures such as electrons 'trapped' in quantum wells (2D), flowing in a quantum wire (1D) or forming a quantum dot (0D), have drawn a high-level of interest for both fundamental aspects and promising device applications. As the temperature of the electrons present in these structures is reduced toward very near absolute zero, totally new properties emerge from a competition between many-body electron-electron interactions, disorder, and fluctuations. Examples of interest include 'bizarre' phenomena such as the fractionalization of charge excitations in 2D, fractional (abelian and perhaps non-abelian) quantum statistics in 2D, as well as the separation of spin and charge predicted to occur in 1D. These phenomena cannot be understood in terms of classical or Boltzmann physics; they are the result of the subtle mechanics that emerge when quantum particles interact near T=0. Our group at McGill works at elucidating new quantum phases of matter 'on-chip' in semiconductor tailor-made electronic and fluidic structures.

近年来，低维结构的电子性质，如电子“捕获”在量子威尔斯（2D）中，在量子线（1D）中流动或形成量子点（0 D），引起了人们的高度兴趣的基本方面和有前途的器件应用。 当这些结构中的电子温度降到非常接近绝对零度时，多体电子-电子相互作用、无序和涨落之间的竞争就产生了全新的性质。感兴趣的例子包括“奇异”现象，如2D中电荷激发的分数化，2D中的分数（阿贝尔和可能的非阿贝尔）量子统计，以及预计在1D中发生的自旋和电荷分离。这些现象不能用经典或玻尔兹曼物理学来理解;它们是量子粒子在T=0附近相互作用时出现的微妙力学的结果。我们在麦吉尔大学的团队致力于在半导体定制的电子和流体结构中阐明物质“芯片上”的新量子相。