New directions and challenges in large scale integrated micro-algal technologies for the Canadian farm economy

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The direct disposal of nutrient rich wastewaters or manure slurries into the environment can lead to several issues such as introduction of manure based pathogens, eutrophication and pollution of surface run off and ground water. Many farming communities have adopted safe manure management strategies to provide a healthy environment and healthy ecosystems. Different approaches for manure treatment include conventional activated sludge or anaerobic digestion. Anaerobic digestion is an effective treatment for pathogen removal and the process also converts the carbon to biogas or methane. However the effluent from these digesters is a liquid, rich in nitrogen (ammonia and nitrates) and phosphates which may require further treatment before being discharged into a receiving body of water.