Adaptation as a spatiotemporal mosaic of natural and sexual selection

适应是自然选择和性选择的时空镶嵌体

• 批准号: 405660-2011
• 负责人: Gotanda, Kiyoko
• 金额: $ 3.64万
• 依托单位: McGill University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarships - Doctoral
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2012-01-01 至 2013-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=515561
• 关键词: Adaptation; spatiotemporal; mosaic; natural; sexual

My research seeks to understand how biological diversity originates and evolves when subjected to environmental variation. An important source of biological diversity is thought to be natural selection that causes adaptation to different environments, which then leads to new species. In addition, recent work has shown that sexual selection (traits that increase mating success) is also important in this process. In Trinidadian guppies, females are thought to favour brightly coloured males (sexual selection) but this makes them more susceptible to being predated upon by a predator (natural selection). Spatial variation in natural selection (different predation levels) drives divergence: males are more brightly coloured in low-predation sites and vice-versa. However, recent work suggests the strength and direction of natural and sexual selection can vary through time and between populations. Thus, my project investigates the underlying causes of this spatial and temporal variation in selection. To explore this, I am quantifying spatial and temporal variation in guppy colour patterns by analyzing digital photos. I have collected environmental data to tease apart potential determinants for this variation in colour. I have also started a large scale lab experiment to see if I can 'drive' expected alternative evolutionary trajectories by imposing different patterns of natural and sexual selection, and I will quantify natural and sexual selection on guppy colour in the wild. In Canada, our ecosystems are subject to a variety of human disturbances and natural pressures resulting in environmental change. Understanding the underlying causes of variation in selection will help predict how natural populations will respond to this ongoing change. For example, my work can help predict what might happen to native fauna when foreign species are introduced, and this can inform conservation and management policies.

我的研究旨在了解生物多样性如何起源和进化时受到环境变化。生物多样性的一个重要来源被认为是自然选择，它导致对不同环境的适应，从而导致新物种的产生。此外，最近的研究表明，性选择（增加交配成功率的性状）在这一过程中也很重要。 在特立尼达孔雀鱼中，雌性孔雀鱼被认为喜欢颜色鲜艳的雄性（性选择），但这使它们更容易被捕食者捕食（自然选择）。在自然选择的空间变化（不同的捕食水平）驱动分歧：男性更鲜艳的低捕食网站，反之亦然。然而，最近的研究表明，自然选择和性选择的强度和方向可以随时间和种群而变化。因此，我的项目调查了这种选择的空间和时间变化的根本原因。 为了探索这一点，我通过分析数码照片来量化孔雀鱼颜色模式的空间和时间变化。我收集了环境数据，以梳理这种颜色变化的潜在决定因素。我还开始了一个大规模的实验室实验，看看我是否可以通过施加不同的自然和性选择模式来“驱动”预期的替代进化轨迹，我将量化野生孔雀鱼颜色的自然和性选择。 在加拿大，我们的生态系统受到各种人为干扰和自然压力的影响，导致环境变化。了解选择变异的根本原因将有助于预测自然种群将如何应对这种持续的变化。例如，我的工作可以帮助预测当引进外国物种时，本土动物可能会发生什么，这可以为保护和管理政策提供信息。