A forward genetic screen to identify genes involved in the maintenance of organelle genome stability in Arabidopsis thaliana.

正向遗传筛选，用于鉴定参与维持拟南芥细胞器基因组稳定性的基因。

• 批准号: 405797-2011
• 负责人: Lepage, Etienne
• 金额: $ 3.64万
• 依托单位: Université de Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarships - Doctoral
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2012-01-01 至 2013-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=515614
• 关键词: forward; genetic; screen; identify; genes

Genetic instability is well known to induce many human pathologies such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. In plants, mutations can also destabilize genomes and, when occurring in organellar genomes (chloroplast and mitochondria) lead to phenotypic variations such as cytoplasmic male sterility (plant unable to shed pollen), variegation (plant with white and green leaves) and resistance to heat. Although these phenotypes may provide new, important agricultural traits, the mechanisms generating the related mutations remain elusive. Here we propose to evaluate the role of the genes involved in the maintenance of genetic stability in the organelles of Arabidopsis thaliana, the model organism for plant genetics studies. This will be achieved using a collection of more than 50,000 plants, each of them depleted for a particular gene. The methodology applied in this study will be to sow the plants on a growth medium containing a mutagenic agent to stimulate DNA instability in plants organelle. We hypothesize that plants depleted of a gene implicated in the maintenance of genetic stability will be more sensitive to such treatment. Afterwards, it will be possible to classify the genes identified in the different DNA metabolism pathways of plant organelle such as DNA replication and repair. Our work has already identified several genes involved in these pathways and further characterisation is underway. As a subsequent step in our study, it will be interesting to confirm whether the genes identified in Arabidopsis play a similar role in crops. Indeed, there is great agricultural interest to facilitate the production of mutant traits such as cytoplasmic male sterility (used for hybrid production), resistance to heat and variegation in crop plants.

众所周知，遗传不稳定性会诱发许多人类疾病，如癌症和神经退行性疾病。在植物中，突变也可以使基因组不稳定，并且当发生在细胞器基因组（叶绿体和线粒体）中时，导致表型变异，如细胞质雄性不育（植物不能脱落花粉）、杂色（植物具有白色和绿色叶）和耐热性。尽管这些表型可能提供新的重要农业性状，但产生相关突变的机制仍然难以捉摸。在这里，我们建议评估的作用，参与维持遗传稳定性的基因在细胞器中的拟南芥，模式生物植物遗传学研究。这将通过收集50，000多株植物来实现，每株植物都缺乏特定的基因。在这项研究中应用的方法将是播种植物的生长培养基含有诱变剂，以刺激植物细胞器中的DNA不稳定性。我们假设，植物中涉及的基因在维持遗传稳定性耗尽将更敏感，这样的处理。之后，将有可能在植物细胞器的不同DNA代谢途径，如DNA复制和修复的基因进行分类。我们的工作已经确定了参与这些途径的几个基因，进一步的表征正在进行中。作为我们研究的后续步骤，确认在拟南芥中鉴定的基因是否在作物中发挥类似的作用将是有趣的。事实上，促进突变性状如细胞质雄性不育（用于杂交生产）、耐热性和作物植物的杂色的产生具有很大的农业兴趣。