Air-sea carbon cycling in mixed ice-ocean environments

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Because the world's oceans are the largest of the planet's carbon sinks, offsetting around 30% of present anthropogenic emissions, it is especially important that we understand important features of the marine carbon cycle and that these features are soundly represented in general circulation models. A critical gap in our understanding of the system's CO2 source/sink dynamics relates to the role played by sea ice. The traditional assumption adopted for both models and polar marine CO2 flux studies is for sea ice to exist as an impermeable layer, preventing air-sea exchange. Research in the last decade has shown sea ice to be an active participant in the marine carbon cycle, exchanging CO2 between both the ocean and atmosphere, and hence the assumption that sea ice is a passive participant in the polar marine carbon cycle is incorrect. Despite advancements in our understanding of the sea ice carbonate system, we still do not know exactly how sea ice influences air-sea CO2 exchange, and by extension, the net effect of sea ice on a region's carbon budget.