Damage evolution in hybrid metal-composite aerospace structures

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No structure is indestructible. Time, environment, repeated use, and misuse all take their toll on everyday structures, taking advantage of their inherent weaknesses and bringing them closer to failure. To combat this risk in the aerospace industry, the structural design philosophy known as Damage Tolerance is employed. In this philosophy, structures are designed to sustain large levels of damage, and regular inspections are carried out to detect and repair damage before it exceeds the capability of the structure. Central to this philosophy is the need for a deep understanding of the failure and degradation processes so that appropriate inspection intervals can be prescribed.