Thermodynamics and mechanics of ice compressive failure

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The Arctic contains a wealth of resources, and is believed to hold more than 20 percent of the world's undiscovered oil and gas. Canada encompasses a large share of arctic landmass and the longest coastline in the world, much of it in the arctic regions. There are vast resources, including oil, gas and metallic reserves in the northern areas. Canada has developed a Northern Strategy as a part of national policy. Promoting economic development, protecting the environment and assertion of sovereignty are important objectives. Development of Canada's north implies the economic exploitation of natural resources, including those offshore. The present application focuses on the development of technology to design facilities for safe offshore development, including structures and ships. Safety in this context refers to safety of human life and of the environment. The implication is that structural systems, the main focus of the present application, be designed with adequate resistance to loads and pressures imposed by ice.