Thermodynamics and mechanics of ice compressive failure

冰压缩破坏的热力学和力学

• 批准号: 436368-2012
• 负责人: Jordaan, Ian
• 金额: $ 7.29万
• 依托单位: Memorial University of Newfoundland
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Collaborative Research and Development Grants
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=574341
• 关键词: Thermodynamics; mechanics; ice; compressive; failure

The Arctic contains a wealth of resources, and is believed to hold more than 20 percent of the world's undiscovered oil and gas. Canada encompasses a large share of arctic landmass and the longest coastline in the world, much of it in the arctic regions. There are vast resources, including oil, gas and metallic reserves in the northern areas. Canada has developed a Northern Strategy as a part of national policy. Promoting economic development, protecting the environment and assertion of sovereignty are important objectives. Development of Canada's north implies the economic exploitation of natural resources, including those offshore. The present application focuses on the development of technology to design facilities for safe offshore development, including structures and ships. Safety in this context refers to safety of human life and of the environment. The implication is that structural systems, the main focus of the present application, be designed with adequate resistance to loads and pressures imposed by ice. In the design of ships and offshore structures for ice conditions, understanding the mechanics of ice compressive failure is essential in allowing the designer to effectively model ice loads and risk. At present, empirical methods based on measured full scale data are used in design. The main objective of the proposed project is to develop a full understanding of the physics and mechanics of the process, including the all-important thermodynamic aspects. The research presented in this proposal would facilitate a better understanding of two main aspects of ice mechanics: first, the viscoelastic response, including the effect of microstructural change and associated softening of the material, and second, the fracture of ice reflecting its extreme brittleness. This is of great importance for design and will result in improved methods for the estimation of ice loads, leading to enhanced safety and increased economic benefits.

北极蕴藏着丰富的资源，据信蕴藏着世界上20%以上未发现的石油和天然气。加拿大拥有大部分北极陆地和世界上最长的海岸线，其中大部分位于北极地区。北部地区资源丰富，石油、天然气、金属储量丰富。加拿大制定了北方战略作为国家政策的一部分。促进经济发展、保护环境和维护主权是重要目标。加拿大北部的开发意味着对自然资源（包括近海资源）的经济开发。目前的申请重点是安全海上开发设施设计技术的开发，包括结构和船舶。这里的安全是指人类生命和环境的安全。这意味着结构系统（本申请的主要焦点）被设计成具有足够的抵抗冰施加的载荷和压力的能力。 在冰条件下的船舶和海上结构设计中，了解冰压缩破坏的力学对于设计者有效地模拟冰载荷和风险至关重要。目前设计中多采用基于实测全尺寸数据的经验方法。该项目的主要目标是全面了解该过程的物理和力学，包括最重要的热力学方面。该提案中提出的研究将有助于更好地理解冰力学的两个主要方面：首先，粘弹性响应，包括微观结构变化和相关材料软化的影响，其次，冰的断裂反映了其极端脆性。这对于设计非常重要，并将改进冰荷载估算方法，从而提高安全性并增加经济效益。