Instrumentation for nanosecond time-resolved transient absorption and luminescence: from protein dynamics to photovoltaics

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Fast (less than one second) reactions are imperative for function in an enormous variety of chemical systems, from biology to photovoltaics (solar cells). The enzymatic reactions required for respiration rely upon millisecond or faster reactivity, as do the coordinated, large-scale motions of membrane-bound ion channels that are essential to muscle movement. Likewise, the interactions between light and matter underlie the efficiency and success (or failure) of photovoltaics. Fast, photo-initiated reactions also are gaining attention in synthetic chemistry and disease treatments. Developing detailed temporal understanding of rapid processes is an ongoing challenge that spans a great many disciplines in the physical sciences.