Human-machine interactions involving space, time and uncertainty in real and virtual environments

真实和虚拟环境中涉及空间、时间和不确定性的人机交互

• 批准号: 4101-2010
• 负责人: Milgram, Paul
• 金额: $ 1.75万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2014-01-01 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=544161
• 关键词: Human; machine; interactions; involving; space

The focus of the research is the use of time (T), space (S) and uncertainty (U) information for human control of dynamic systems. Six themes, each representing some combination of T, S and U are proposed. Theme 1 (S+T) addresses the need for trading off large versus small field of view (FOV) requirements, which typifies many visual search and surveillance tasks. In one case, visual search will be facilitated by providing operators with large FOV displays created through real-time mosaicing. A second project aims to reduce the load of monitoring large banks of video monitors by providing integrated displays comprising spatially interpolated images from multiple cameras. Theme 2 (S+U) also addresses the low versus high FOV tradeoff problem, this time for precise high magnification operations, such as microscopic surgery. The research will explore the parameters of digital lens software which will provide operators with both a high magnification central FOV and lower magnification peripheral information. Theme 3 (S+T) will evaluate the use of real-time video image stabilisation software for applications such as acquiring stable images for cinematography and orientation enhancement in endoscopic surgery. Theme 4 (S+T+U) relates to tasks that demand simultaneous processing of multiple sources of information, and will investigate the use of self-paced visual occlusion for modelling how humans adopt a certain level of subjective uncertainty about the state of a task being managed versus the cost of sampling new information. Theme 5 (S+T+U) addresses the issue of whether operators are able to make use of explicit displays of uncertainty, such as probability of conflict, to maintain a consistent criterion for making appropriate decisions. The concepts will be explored by means of a simulated air traffic control platform which spatially presents explicit temporal and probabilistic information about potential conflicts. The sixth theme (S+T) will explore the principle of influencing driver braking performance by means of dynamic, but imperceptible, manipulation of lead vehicle size during braking.

研究的重点是利用时间(T)、空间(S)和不确定性(U)信息对动态系统进行人类控制。提出了六个主题，每个主题代表T， S和U的某种组合。主题1 （S+T）解决了大视场与小视场（FOV）需求之间的权衡需求，这是许多视觉搜索和监视任务的典型特征。在一种情况下，视觉搜索将通过为操作员提供通过实时拼接创建的大型FOV显示器而变得更加方便。第二个项目旨在通过提供集成显示器，包括来自多个摄像机的空间插值图像，来减少监控大型视频监视器的负载。主题2 （S+U）还解决了低视场与高视场的权衡问题，这一次是精确的高放大手术，如显微手术。该研究将探索数字镜头软件的参数，为操作员提供高倍率的中央视场和低倍率的外围信息。主题3 （S+T）将评估实时视频图像稳定软件在电影摄影和内窥镜手术中获得稳定图像的应用。主题4 （S+T+U）涉及到需要同时处理多个信息源的任务，并将调查使用自定节奏的视觉遮挡来建模人类如何采用一定程度的主观不确定性来管理任务的状态，而不是采样新信息的成本。主题5 （S+T+U）解决了操作员是否能够利用明确的不确定性显示（如冲突概率）来维持做出适当决策的一致标准的问题。这些概念将通过模拟空中交通管制平台进行探索，该平台在空间上呈现有关潜在冲突的明确时间和概率信息。第六个主题（S+T）将探讨通过在制动过程中动态但不易察觉地操纵先导车辆尺寸来影响驾驶员制动性能的原理。