Model studies in orthopaedic biomechanics

骨科生物力学模型研究

• 批准号: 5596-2009
• 负责人: ShiraziAdl, Aboulfazl
• 金额: $ 3.42万
• 依托单位: École Polytechnique de Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2014-01-01 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=544270
• 关键词: Model; studies; orthopaedic; biomechanics

Disorders in the human musculoskeletal system affect majority of population and are the leading cause of disability in people during their active working years. Although the etiology of many of these disorders (e.g., low-back pain, arthritis) is often a matter of uncertainty, there is ample evidence suggesting that mechanical factors play a prominent role. Identification of the role of these factors in observed injuries, deformities and degenerative processes benefits broad segments of the society by improving quality of life and productivity to reducing health care cost especially in our ageing society. This proposal aims to perform realistic finite element model studies of the redundant human passive-active trunk system, single- and multi-motion segment lumbar spine, intervertebral discs, passive-active human knee joint including tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints in intact and reconstructed conditions, articular cartilage and joint replacement materials. These models perform 3D coupled nonlinear diffusion, elasto-static, dynamic, viscoelastic and poroelastic analyses under various mechanical loading, muscle recruitments and postural/kinematics/boundary conditions. Our own in-house developed programs as well as commercially available package programs (e.g., Abaqus) will be used to carry out the proposed studies. The foregoing biomechanical model studies in combination with in vivo/in vitro measurements (done by us, our collaborators or taken from the literature) will: (1) markedly advance our understanding of functional biomechanics and stability of the human trunk, knee joints and their components as well as associated injuries, failures and degenerative processes; (2) suggest methods and standards for safe and optimal performance of occupational/recreational tasks; (3) investigate and improve current exercise, evaluation and rehabilitation programs as well as surgical replacement methods and finally (4) analyse and improve designs for prosthetic replacement systems.

人体肌肉骨骼系统的疾病影响着大多数人，并且是人们在工作期间残疾的主要原因。尽管许多这些疾病（例如腰痛、关节炎）的病因通常是不确定的，但有充足的证据表明机械因素起着重要作用。确定这些因素在观察到的损伤、畸形和退化过程中的作用，可以提高生活质量和生产力，降低医疗保健成本，从而使社会各阶层受益，特别是在老龄化社会中。该提案旨在对冗余的人体被动-主动躯干系统、单运动节段和多运动节段腰椎、椎间盘、被动-主动人体膝关节（包括完整和重建条件下的胫股关节和髌股关节）、关节软骨和关节置换材料进行真实的有限元模型研究。这些模型在各种机械载荷、肌肉募集和姿势/运动学/边界条件下执行 3D 耦合非线性扩散、弹静力、动态、粘弹性和多孔弹性分析。我们自己的内部开发程序以及商用软件包（例如 Abaqus）将用于开展拟议的研究。上述生物力学模型研究与体内/体外测量（由我们、我们的合作者完成或取自文献）相结合将：（1）显着增进我们对功能生物力学和人体躯干、膝关节及其部件的稳定性以及相关损伤、故障和退化过程的理解； (2) 提出安全和最佳执行职业/娱乐任务的方法和标准； （3）研究和改进当前的运动、评估和康复方案以及手术置换方法，最后（4）分析和改进假肢置换系统的设计。