Model studies in orthopaedic biomechanics

骨科生物力学模型研究

• 批准号: 5596-2009
• 负责人: ShiraziAdl, Aboulfazl
• 金额: $ 3.42万
• 依托单位: École Polytechnique de Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=568409
• 关键词: Model; studies; orthopaedic; biomechanics

Disorders in the human musculoskeletal system affect majority of population and are the leading cause of disability in people during their active working years. Although the etiology of many of these disorders (e.g., low-back pain, arthritis) is often a matter of uncertainty, there is ample evidence suggesting that mechanical factors play a prominent role. Identification of the role of these factors in observed injuries, deformities and degenerative processes benefits broad segments of the society by improving quality of life and productivity to reducing health care cost especially in our ageing society. This proposal aims to perform realistic finite element model studies of the redundant human passive-active trunk system, single- and multi-motion segment lumbar spine, intervertebral discs, passive-active human knee joint including tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints in intact and reconstructed conditions, articular cartilage and joint replacement materials. These models perform 3D coupled nonlinear diffusion, elasto-static, dynamic, viscoelastic and poroelastic analyses under various mechanical loading, muscle recruitments and postural/kinematics/boundary conditions. Our own in-house developed programs as well as commercially available package programs (e.g., Abaqus) will be used to carry out the proposed studies. The foregoing biomechanical model studies in combination with in vivo/in vitro measurements (done by us, our collaborators or taken from the literature) will: (1) markedly advance our understanding of functional biomechanics and stability of the human trunk, knee joints and their components as well as associated injuries, failures and degenerative processes; (2) suggest methods and standards for safe and optimal performance of occupational/recreational tasks; (3) investigate and improve current exercise, evaluation and rehabilitation programs as well as surgical replacement methods and finally (4) analyse and improve designs for prosthetic replacement systems.

人类肌肉骨骼系统疾病影响大多数人口，是人们在积极工作期间残疾的主要原因。尽管许多这些疾病的病因（例如，下背痛、关节炎）通常是一个不确定的问题，但有充分的证据表明，机械因素起着重要作用。确定这些因素在观察到的损伤、畸形和退行性过程中的作用，通过提高生活质量和生产力，降低医疗保健成本，特别是在我们的老龄化社会，使社会各界受益。该提案旨在对冗余人体被动-主动躯干系统、单运动和多运动节段腰椎、椎间盘、被动-主动人体膝关节（包括完整和重建条件下的胫股关节和髌股关节）、关节软骨和关节置换材料进行逼真的有限元模型研究。这些模型在各种机械载荷、肌肉恢复和姿势/运动学/边界条件下进行3D耦合非线性扩散、弹性静力学、动力学、粘弹性和多孔弹性分析。我们自己开发的程序以及商业上可用的软件包程序（例如，Abaqus）将用于开展拟议的研究。上述生物力学模型研究结合体内/体外测量（由我们、我们的合作者完成或摘自文献）将：（1）显著提高我们对人体躯干、膝关节及其组件的功能生物力学和稳定性以及相关损伤、失效和退行性过程的理解;（2）建议安全和最佳执行职业/娱乐任务的方法和标准;（3）调查并改进当前的锻炼方式，评估和康复计划以及手术置换方法，最后（4）分析和改进假体置换系统的设计。