Fire safety in buildings tunnels and subway stations

建筑物隧道、地铁车站的消防安全

• 批准号: 121847-2012
• 负责人: Hadjisophocleous, George
• 金额: $ 2.77万
• 依托单位: Carleton University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2014-01-01 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=545374
• 关键词: Fire; safety; buildings; tunnels; subway

The proposed research deals with fire safety in tunnels and underground subway stations and large spaces in buildings. It continues the research program of the applicant in this area and capitalizes on the advancements achieved over the last few years in measuring the heat release rate of large-scale fires. The proposed work combines both numerical and experimental work in an effort to understand the burning characteristics of large fires in tunnels, such as the development of fires in subway and train cars, their heat release rate and the production of toxic gases. In addition, the work investigates the performance of smoke control and smoke management systems installed in these facilities and their interaction with suppression systems. Suppression systems in tunnels, although used in other countries, are not used in North America due to a lack of understanding of their impact on life safety and on the effectiveness of the ventilation systems. An initial study by the applicant has shown that the suppression systems can work together with ventilation systems to improve life safety and property protection. The results of this research would be of prime importance for the design of ventilation and suppression systems in tunnels and subway stations. The experimental work will utilize the unique, full scale fire research capabilities that the applicant developed at Carleton University as well small scale equipment, such as the cone calorimeter, for determining the fire properties of materials. Results of the small scale tests will be used as input to Computational Fluid Dynamics models that will be used to simulate the large scale experiments. Comparisons will be made between the numerical predictions and the experimental data to determine whether the models are capable of predicting the heat release rate of fires in traincars, smoke movement in tunnels and the performance of the ventilation systems and suppression systems. The proposed research also investigates the performance of smoke management systems in large spaces, such as atria, found in buildings. It specifically deals with the impact of make-up air velocity on the effectiveness of the smoke exhaust systems.

该研究涉及隧道、地下地铁站和建筑物大空间的消防安全。它继续了申请人在该领域的研究项目，并利用了过去几年在测量大规模火灾的热量释放率方面取得的进展。拟议的工作将数值和实验相结合，努力了解隧道中大型火灾的燃烧特性，例如地铁和火车车厢内火灾的发展，它们的热释放速率和有毒气体的产生。此外，研究工作还调查了安装在这些设施内的烟雾控制和烟雾管理系统的性能，以及它们与灭火系统的相互作用。隧道抑制系统虽然在其他国家使用，但由于缺乏对其对生命安全和通风系统有效性的影响的了解，在北美没有使用。申请人的初步研究显示，灭火系统可与通风系统配合使用，以改善生命安全和财产保护。研究结果对隧道和地铁车站通风降噪系统的设计具有重要的指导意义。实验工作将利用申请人在卡尔顿大学开发的独特的全尺寸火灾研究能力，以及小型设备，如锥形量热计，用于确定材料的火灾特性。小规模试验的结果将用作计算流体动力学模型的输入，该模型将用于模拟大规模实验。将数值预测与实验数据进行比较，以确定模型是否能够预测火车车厢内火灾的热释放率、隧道内的烟雾运动以及通风系统和灭火系统的性能。拟议的研究还调查了大空间（如建筑物中的中庭）烟雾管理系统的性能。它具体处理了补充空气速度对排烟系统有效性的影响。