Fire safety of subway cars and underground subway stations

地铁车厢及地下地铁站的消防安全

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-06258
• 负责人: Hadjisophocleous, George
• 金额: $ 2.33万
• 依托单位: Carleton University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=715036
• 关键词: Fire; safety; subway; cars; underground

The proposed research deals with fire safety in subway cars and underground subway stations and tunnels and large spaces in buildings. It continues the research program of the applicant in these areas and capitalizes on the knowledge and data gathered over the last few years from full-scale fire experiments performed by the applicant. The proposed work focuses mostly on the improvement and use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models for modelling fires in subway cars, and underground subway stations to determine their impact on passengers and the structure. Small-scale experiments using laboratory equipment, such as the cone calorimeter, will be conducted to determine the fire properties of materials used in subway cars, which will be used as inputs to the CFD models. Comparisons will be made between the numerical predictions and experimental data already obtained by the applicant to determine whether the models can predict the fire characteristics during the different stages of fire development and the heat release rate of fires in traincars and subway stations, as well as smoke movement in the stations and tunnels and the effectiveness of the ventilation systems. Occupant evacuation from the stations will also be considered using both simple egress calculations and evacuation models to determine the impact of fires on passengers and evaluate the effectiveness of the available egress routes and evacuation strategies. The results of this research would be of importance for the design of ventilation systems in tunnels and subway stations and the tools developed can be used by fire departments to assist them in pre-planning their response to fires in these spaces. Another part of the proposed research deals with smoke management systems in large spaces, such as atria, found in buildings. This work continues the research of the applicant in this area in which full-scale experiments were conducted to study the impact of make-up air velocity on the effectiveness of the smoke exhaust systems and to validate CFD models used to model fires in these spaces. This work will use the validated CFD models to study in detail the parameters that influence the conditions in the atria and investigate the extend of applicability of the correlations developed by the applicant. These correlations will be submitted to standard writing bodies to be considered for inclusion in the standards so they can be used by engineers for the design of the smoke management systems in atria.

拟议中的研究涉及火 地铁汽车和地下地铁站和隧道的安全， 建筑物中的空间。 它延续了 申请人在这些领域的研究计划，并利用 过去几年从全面火灾中收集的知识和数据 申请人进行的实验。 拟议的工作主要集中在 模拟用计算流体动力学（CFD）模型的改进和使用 地铁汽车和地下地铁站的火灾，以确定其影响 乘客和结构。 使用实验室设备进行小规模实验， 如锥形量热计，将进行确定火灾 地铁汽车中使用的材料的特性，这些特性将用作 CFD模型。 将进行比较 之间的数值预测和实验数据已经获得的 申请人须确定该等模型能否预测火警特性 在火灾发展的不同阶段， 火车和地铁站发生火灾，以及 车站和隧道的通风系统的有效性。 从车站疏散乘客将 也可以考虑使用简单的疏散计算和疏散模型 确定火灾对乘客的影响，并评估其有效性 可用的疏散路线和疏散策略 的结果 研究对通风设计具有重要意义 隧道和地铁站中的系统以及开发的工具可以被消防部门用来帮助他们预先规划对这些空间中的火灾的响应。 拟议研究交易的另一部分 在诸如中庭的大空间中使用烟雾管理系统， 建筑 这项工作继续进行， 申请人在这一领域的研究，其中全面的实验是 进行了研究的影响，补充空气速度的有效性， 排烟系统，并验证用于模拟火灾的CFD模型， 空间. 这项工作将使用经过验证的CFD模型来详细研究影响 心房中的条件，并研究申请人开发的相关性的适用范围。 这些相关性将提交给标准编写机构，以考虑将其纳入标准，以便工程师使用 用于中庭烟雾管理系统的设计。