Fire safety of subway cars and underground subway stations

地铁车厢及地下地铁站的消防安全

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-06258
• 负责人: Hadjisophocleous, George
• 金额: $ 2.33万
• 依托单位: Carleton University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=738803
• 关键词: Fire; safety; subway; cars; underground

The proposed research deals with fire safety in subway cars and underground subway stations and tunnels and large spaces in buildings.  It continues the research program of the applicant in these areas and capitalizes on the knowledge and data gathered over the last few years from full-scale fire experiments performed by the applicant.  The proposed work focuses mostly on the improvement and use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models for modelling fires in subway cars, and underground subway stations to determine their impact on passengers and the structure.  Small-scale experiments using laboratory equipment, such as the cone calorimeter, will be conducted to determine the fire properties of materials used in subway cars, which will be used as inputs to the CFD models.  Comparisons will be made between the numerical predictions and experimental data already obtained by the applicant to determine whether the models can predict the fire characteristics during the different stages of fire development and the heat release rate of fires in traincars and subway stations, as well as smoke movement in the stations and tunnels and the effectiveness of the ventilation systems.  Occupant evacuation from the stations will also be considered using both simple egress calculations and evacuation models to determine the impact of fires on passengers and evaluate the effectiveness of the available egress routes and evacuation strategies.  The results of this research would be of importance for the design of ventilation systems in tunnels and subway stations and the tools developed can be used by fire departments to assist them in pre-planning their response to fires in these spaces. Another part of the proposed research deals with smoke management systems in large spaces, such as atria, found in buildings.  This work continues the research of the applicant in this area in which full-scale experiments were conducted to study the impact of make-up air velocity on the effectiveness of the smoke exhaust systems and to validate CFD models used to model fires in these spaces.  This work will use the validated CFD models to study in detail the parameters that influence the conditions in the atria and investigate the extend of applicability of the correlations developed by the applicant.  These correlations will be submitted to standard writing bodies to be considered for inclusion in the standards so they can be used by engineers for the design of the smoke management systems in atria.

该研究计划涉及地铁车厢、地下地铁站、隧道和建筑物大空间的消防安全。它继续申请人在这些领域的研究计划，并利用过去几年申请人从全面火灾实验中收集的知识和数据。建议的工作主要集中在改进和使用计算流体动力学（CFD）模型来模拟地铁车厢和地下地铁站的火灾，以确定它们对乘客和结构的影响。将使用锥形量热计等实验室设备进行小规模实验，以确定地铁车厢所用材料的防火性能，并将其作为CFD模型的输入。申请人将把数值预测与已获得的实验数据进行比较，以确定模型是否能预测火灾发展不同阶段的火灾特征、火车车厢和地铁站内火灾的放热率、车站和隧道内的烟雾运动以及通风系统的有效性。还将考虑使用简单的出口计算和疏散模型来确定火灾对乘客的影响，并评估可用的出口路线和疏散策略的有效性。这项研究的结果将对隧道和地铁站通风系统的设计具有重要意义，所开发的工具可以被消防部门用来帮助他们预先规划对这些空间火灾的反应。拟议研究的另一部分涉及建筑物中大型空间（如中庭）的烟雾管理系统。这项工作继续了申请人在该领域的研究，在该领域进行了全面的实验，以研究补充空气速度对排烟系统有效性的影响，并验证用于模拟这些空间火灾的CFD模型。这项工作将使用经过验证的CFD模型来详细研究影响心房条件的参数，并调查申请人开发的相关性的适用性范围。这些相关性将提交给标准编写机构，以考虑纳入标准，以便工程师在设计中庭烟雾管理系统时使用它们。