Fire safety of subway cars and underground subway stations

拟议的研究涉及地铁车厢、地下车站和隧道以及建筑物中的大空间的消防安全。它延续了申请者在这些领域的研究计划，并利用申请人过去几年进行的全面火灾实验收集的知识和数据。建议的工作主要集中在改进和使用计算流体动力学(CFD)模型来模拟地铁车厢和地下车站的火灾，以确定其对乘客和结构的影响。将进行使用实验室设备的小规模实验，如锥形量热仪，以确定地铁车厢中使用的材料的防火特性。它将被用作CFD模型的输入。将把数值预测与申请人已经获得的实验数据进行比较，以确定模型是否能够预测火灾发展不同阶段的火灾特征以及列车车厢和地铁站火灾的热释放速率。以及车站和隧道内的烟雾运动以及通风系统的有效性。还将使用简单的出口计算和疏散模型来考虑从车站疏散乘客，以确定火灾对乘客的影响，并评估现有出口路线和疏散策略的有效性。这项研究的结果将对隧道和地铁站的通风系统设计具有重要意义，所开发的工具可供消防部门使用，帮助他们预先计划应对这些空间的火灾。拟议研究的另一部分涉及大空间的烟雾管理系统，如中庭，这项工作继续了申请人在这一领域的研究，进行了全面的实验，以研究补充风速对排烟系统有效性的影响，并验证用于模拟这些空间火灾的CFD模型。这项工作将使用经过验证的CFD模型来详细研究影响中庭条件的参数，并调查申请人开发的关联式的适用范围。这些关联式将提交给标准撰写机构考虑纳入标准，以便工程师可以用于中庭排烟系统的设计。

The proposed research deals with fire safety in subway cars and underground subway stations and tunnels and large spaces in buildings.  It continues the research program of the applicant in these areas and capitalizes on the knowledge and data gathered over the last few years from full-scale fire experiments performed by the applicant.  The proposed work focuses mostly on the improvement and use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models for modelling fires in subway cars, and underground subway stations to determine their impact on passengers and the structure.  Small-scale experiments using laboratory equipment, such as the cone calorimeter, will be conducted to determine the fire properties of materials used in subway cars, which will be used as inputs to the CFD models.  Comparisons will be made between the numerical predictions and experimental data already obtained by the applicant to determine whether the models can predict the fire characteristics during the different stages of fire development and the heat release rate of fires in traincars and subway stations, as well as smoke movement in the stations and tunnels and the effectiveness of the ventilation systems.  Occupant evacuation from the stations will also be considered using both simple egress calculations and evacuation models to determine the impact of fires on passengers and evaluate the effectiveness of the available egress routes and evacuation strategies.  The results of this research would be of importance for the design of ventilation systems in tunnels and subway stations and the tools developed can be used by fire departments to assist them in pre-planning their response to fires in these spaces. Another part of the proposed research deals with smoke management systems in large spaces, such as atria, found in buildings.  This work continues the research of the applicant in this area in which full-scale experiments were conducted to study the impact of make-up air velocity on the effectiveness of the smoke exhaust systems and to validate CFD models used to model fires in these spaces.  This work will use the validated CFD models to study in detail the parameters that influence the conditions in the atria and investigate the extend of applicability of the correlations developed by the applicant.  These correlations will be submitted to standard writing bodies to be considered for inclusion in the standards so they can be used by engineers for the design of the smoke management systems in atria.