Fire safety of subway cars and underground subway stations

地铁车厢及地下地铁站的消防安全

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-06258
• 负责人: Hadjisophocleous, George
• 金额: $ 2.33万
• 依托单位: Carleton University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=749053
• 关键词: Fire; safety; subway; cars; underground

The proposed research deals with fire safety in subway cars and underground subway stations and tunnels and large spaces in buildings.  It continues the research program of the applicant in these areas and capitalizes on the knowledge and data gathered over the last few years from full-scale fire experiments performed by the applicant.  The proposed work focuses mostly on the improvement and use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models for modelling fires in subway cars, and underground subway stations to determine their impact on passengers and the structure.  Small-scale experiments using laboratory equipment, such as the cone calorimeter, will be conducted to determine the fire properties of materials used in subway cars, which will be used as inputs to the CFD models.  Comparisons will be made between the numerical predictions and experimental data already obtained by the applicant to determine whether the models can predict the fire characteristics during the different stages of fire development and the heat release rate of fires in traincars and subway stations, as well as smoke movement in the stations and tunnels and the effectiveness of the ventilation systems.  Occupant evacuation from the stations will also be considered using both simple egress calculations and evacuation models to determine the impact of fires on passengers and evaluate the effectiveness of the available egress routes and evacuation strategies.  The results of this research would be of importance for the design of ventilation systems in tunnels and subway stations and the tools developed can be used by fire departments to assist them in pre-planning their response to fires in these spaces. Another part of the proposed research deals with smoke management systems in large spaces, such as atria, found in buildings.  This work continues the research of the applicant in this area in which full-scale experiments were conducted to study the impact of make-up air velocity on the effectiveness of the smoke exhaust systems and to validate CFD models used to model fires in these spaces.  This work will use the validated CFD models to study in detail the parameters that influence the conditions in the atria and investigate the extend of applicability of the correlations developed by the applicant.  These correlations will be submitted to standard writing bodies to be considered for inclusion in the standards so they can be used by engineers for the design of the smoke management systems in atria.

拟议的研究涉及地铁汽车和地下地铁站和隧道以及建筑物中的大空间的消防安全。它继续了申请人在这些领域的研究计划，并利用了申请人在过去几年进行的全面火灾实验中收集的知识和数据。 建议的工作主要集中在改进和使用计算流体动力学（CFD）模型来模拟地铁汽车和地下地铁站的火灾，以确定其对乘客和结构的影响。将使用实验室设备（如锥形量热计）进行小规模实验，以确定地铁汽车中使用的材料的防火性能，将被用作CFD模型的输入。 将对申请人已经获得的数值预测和实验数据进行比较，以确定模型是否能够预测火车和地铁站火灾发展不同阶段的火灾特性和火灾的热释放速率，以及车站和隧道内的烟雾流动情况，以及通风系统的有效性。此外，考虑使用简单的疏散计算和疏散模型来确定火灾对乘客的影响，并评估可用的疏散路线和疏散策略的有效性。这项研究的结果将是重要的隧道和地铁站通风系统的设计，开发的工具可以用于消防部门，以帮助他们在火灾发生前，计划如何应对这些空间的火灾拟议研究的另一部分涉及大空间的烟雾管理系统，如中庭，这项工作继续了申请人在这一领域的研究，其中进行了全尺寸实验以研究建筑物中发现的化学物质的影响。提高风速对排烟系统有效性的影响，并验证用于模拟这些空间火灾的CFD模型。这项工作将使用经过验证的CFD模型，以详细研究影响中庭条件的参数，并调查申请人开发的相关性的适用范围。这些相关性将提交给标准编写机构，以考虑将其纳入标准，以便工程师可以将其用于中庭烟雾管理系统的设计。