Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Motor Skill Learning

运动技能学习的细胞和分子机制

• 批准号: 311763-2012
• 负责人: Cyr, Michel
• 金额: $ 1.82万
• 依托单位: Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2014-01-01 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=548496
• 关键词: Cellular; Molecular; Mechanisms; Motor; Skill

The capacity to learn new motor sequences is fundamental to adaptive motor behaviour in human and animal life. This type of procedural ability builds through the integration of initially distinct movements into one particular behavioural unit. The execution of those actions depends on our knowledge of the environment, in encoding action-outcome relations, and on the capacity to execute the actions efficiently. In the process of optimizing the action, there is an initial stage of rapid increment in performance, which is followed by slow increment as performance reaches asymptotic levels. This process of optimization of the action may change the nature of the action, and after extensive practice the action may become automatic or habitual, instead of goal directed. The search for the neuronal substrates regulating motor learning has been the focus of a large body of animal and human studies in the past decade. However, little is known as to how skilled movement is encoded in the brain at the cellular and molecular levels. The major goal of my research program is to understand the organization and functions of the cellular and molecular substrates that regulates the different phases of motor learning during the acquisition of a new motor task in rodents. A particular attention will be paid to the differences that might exist between the plasticity induced in the striatopallidal indirect or striatonigral direct pathway neurons in regards to their inputs and respective places in the basal ganglia circuitry. We will first characterize motor learning-induced structural plasticity particularly in the striatum structures in mice. We will then investigate the intracellular mechanisms that integrate dopamine and glutamate signal at the corticostriatal synapses during the learning of motor tasks. Understanding the relationship between molecular processes and adaptive behaviour is an important but daunting goal of neuroscience research. Our data will identify the functional sub-regions of the striatum that are necessary for specific forms of learning and action control and establish a heuristic model of the intracellular signalling pathways of the corticostriatal synapse that are involved in the short and long-term acquisition of a complex motor skill.

学习新的运动序列的能力是人类和动物生活中适应性运动行为的基础。这种程序能力是通过将最初不同的动作整合到一个特定的行为单元中来建立的。这些行动的执行取决于我们对环境的了解，对行动-结果关系的编码，以及有效执行行动的能力。在优化过程中，有一个初始阶段的快速增长的性能，这是随后的缓慢增长，性能达到渐近水平。这个优化动作的过程可能会改变动作的性质，经过大量的练习，动作可能会变得自动或习惯，而不是目标导向。在过去的十年中，寻找调节运动学习的神经元底物一直是大量动物和人类研究的焦点。然而，人们对熟练的运动是如何在细胞和分子水平上在大脑中编码的知之甚少。我的研究计划的主要目标是了解的组织和功能的细胞和分子基板，调节运动学习的不同阶段，在啮齿动物收购的一个新的运动任务。将特别注意的差异，可能存在的可塑性诱导的striatopallidal间接或striatonigral直接通路神经元在关于他们的输入和各自的地方在基底神经节电路。我们将首先描述运动学习诱导的结构可塑性，特别是在小鼠的纹状体结构。然后，我们将探讨在运动任务的学习过程中整合多巴胺和谷氨酸信号在皮质纹状体突触的细胞内机制。了解分子过程和适应行为之间的关系是神经科学研究的一个重要但艰巨的目标。我们的数据将确定纹状体的功能分区，是必要的特定形式的学习和动作控制，并建立一个启发式模型的皮质纹状体突触的细胞内信号通路，参与短期和长期收购的复杂的运动技能。