High-content study of axonal guidance using optical protein patterning

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In the embryonic environment, developing axons encounter chemical indicators that, upon processing by the growth cone, result in directed outgrowth allowing connections with specific synaptic targets. Long- and short-range guidance cues provide either attractive or inhibitory information to growth cones, leading to cytoskeletal reorganization and steering events. These cues, in the form of either diffusible factors secreted by other cells, or of proteins positioned on cell surfaces or in the extracellular matrix (ECM), take on spatial distributions that are interpreted by axons in a manner that remains to be fully deciphered.