Constructing an ultrafast voltmeter with femtosecond time resolved nonlinear optics

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Measuring the motions of charge carriers on femtosecond timescales provides a window into the most elementary processes that occur in matter. Technologies like solar cells, transistors, and photodetectors all depend upon the rapid movement of electrons over distances measured in nanometres. The success or failure of these technologies depends, in large measure, on our ability to predict and control these ultrafast processes. In addition the function of several biomolecules depends upon either photo-initiated electron transfer events or long range charge conduction. In general, a detailed understanding of charge transport processes provides far-reaching insight across many disciplines in the physical sciences.