Getting pectins into the plant cell wall: synthesis, secretion and targeting

让果胶进入植物细胞壁：合成、分泌和靶向

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-04577
• 负责人: Western, Tamara
• 金额: $ 2.48万
• 依托单位: McGill University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2014-01-01 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=566606
• 关键词: Getting; pectins; into; plant; cell

The cell wall that surrounds plant cells glues cells together to form tissues and thus is critical for plant growth and development. Further, it allows interaction between plant cells and is the first point of contact between plants and other organisms such as insect pests and disease-causing bacteria. The basic (primary) cell wall of plant cells can be considered a fibre-reinforced gel in which stiff cellulose microfibrils are connected via hemicelluloses, and contained within a gel matrix of pectins. Commercially, plant cell walls are key in products from foods and food supplements to textiles, paper, wood, emulsifiers, adhesives and bioenergy feedstocks. The long term goal of my research program is to understand how plant cell wall components and the proteins that remodel them in response to external and developmental challenges are made within cells and shipped to the cell surface. My goal for this current proposal is to study how components of the pectin gel are made in the cell interior and shipped to where they are needed at certain points along the cell border. Specifically, I intend to investigate: (1) How a novel gene is required for pectin production. (2) Steps along the pathway of pectin shipment from its intracellular ‘factory’ (Golgi apparatus) to the cell surface and how this is controlled by two protein complexes. (3) How pectins are targeted to only certain portions of the cell surface. To investigate these processes, I work with the genetic model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and will focus my studies on the mucilage secreting cells on the surface of its seeds. During seed development, these cells make a very large quantity of pectin that is deposited into a ring-shaped ‘pocket’ at their upper surface, making them an excellent system in which to study pectin production and targeted shipment. To address my questions, I will use a combination of genetics and molecular biology to study gene and protein function, and microscopy to follow events at the cellular and subcellular levels. The research program described will provide new insights into the production and targeted building and remodeling of plant cell walls. This deeper understanding in turn will inform production of plant crops required to meet increasing Canadian and global challenges in agriculture related to climate change and the need for increased bioenergy and bioproduct feedstocks (e.g. plant fibres, adhesives, emulsifiers).

包围植物细胞的细胞壁将细胞粘合在一起形成组织，因此对植物生长和发育至关重要。此外，它允许植物细胞之间的相互作用，是植物和其他生物体（如害虫和致病细菌）之间的第一个接触点。植物细胞的基本（初级）细胞壁可以被认为是一种纤维增强凝胶，其中坚硬的纤维素微纤维通过半纤维素连接，并包含在果胶凝胶基质中。在商业上，植物细胞壁是从食品和食品补充剂到纺织品、纸张、木材、乳化剂、粘合剂和生物能源原料等产品的关键。我的研究计划的长期目标是了解植物细胞壁组分和蛋白质如何重塑它们以应对外部和发育挑战，并在细胞内制造并运送到细胞表面。我目前的建议的目标是研究果胶凝胶的成分是如何在细胞内部制造的，并运送到细胞边界沿着某些需要它们的地方。具体来说，我打算调查：（1）如何一个新的基因是必需的果胶生产。(2)步骤沿着果胶运输的途径，从其细胞内的“工厂”（高尔基体）到细胞表面，以及这是如何控制的两个蛋白质复合物。(3)果胶是如何只针对细胞表面的某些部分的。为了研究这些过程，我与遗传模式植物拟南芥，并将重点研究其种子表面的粘液分泌细胞。在种子发育过程中，这些细胞产生大量的果胶，这些果胶沉积在其上表面的环形“口袋”中，使其成为研究果胶生产和目标运输的绝佳系统。为了解决我的问题，我将结合遗传学和分子生物学来研究基因和蛋白质的功能，并使用显微镜来跟踪细胞和亚细胞水平的事件。所描述的研究计划将为植物细胞壁的生产和有针对性的构建和重塑提供新的见解。这种更深入的了解反过来将为植物作物的生产提供信息，以应对加拿大和全球农业中与气候变化有关的日益增加的挑战，以及对增加生物能源和生物产品原料（例如植物纤维，粘合剂，乳化剂）的需求。