"Production, transport, fate and effects of lipids in the marine environment"

“海洋环境中脂质的生产、运输、归宿和影响”

• 批准号: 105379-2012
• 负责人: Parrish, Christopher
• 金额: $ 1.89万
• 依托单位: Memorial University of Newfoundland
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=569039
• 关键词: Production; transport; fate; effects; lipids

This study is all about taking it to the next level in marine food web research, both in terms of what we are studying and how we are doing it. Aquatic ecosystems occupy the largest part of the biosphere, and lipids in those systems provide the densest form of energy. Lipid dynamics can also strongly influence pollutant accumulation in marine food webs. Among the lipids, certain essential fatty acids and sterols are considered to be drivers of ecosystem health and stability. This study is a continuation of our ongoing program to investigate the importance of lipids in marine organisms and the cycling of these carbon-rich compounds in coastal ecosystems. The study of lipid production and transport through coastal food web levels is timely given continuing problems with fisheries, interest in new fishery species, habitat destruction, untreated waste water discharges, and increasing levels of aquaculture in this region. Objective 1 is to compare lipid production and transfer in warm and cold water coastal ecosystems. In tandem, objective 2 is to determine the extent of uptake and modification of dietary lipids in lab feeding experiments focussing on biomarker and nutritional lipids including omega-3 fatty acids and phytosterols. We will also investigate production of potentially harmful oxidation products of unsaturated lipids and we will measure the effect of certain lipid compounds on membranes of coastal animals. Thus, objective 3 is to investigate effects of temperature and diet on oxidative status and membrane fluidity in coastal marine food webs. The field and lab information on lipid transfer, oxidation and fluidity will provide a much more complete evaluation of the importance of lipids in coastal ecosystems and is critical to nutritional management of finfish and bivalve broodstock and larvae. In the context of accelerated climate change and growing pressures from fisheries and oil exploitation, this research will provide tools to help manage biological resources along our coasts. It will also offer interdisciplinary training for highly qualified personnel in use of sophisticated analytical instrumentation in the study of ecological consequences of natural and anthropogenic disturbances.

这项研究的目的是将海洋食物网研究提升到一个新的水平，无论是在我们正在研究的方面还是在我们如何做的方面。水生生态系统占据了生物圈的最大部分，这些系统中的脂质提供了能量的密集形式。脂质动力学也可强烈影响海洋食物网中污染物的积累。在脂质中，某些必需脂肪酸和甾醇被认为是生态系统健康和稳定的驱动因素。这项研究是我们正在进行的项目的延续，该项目旨在调查脂质在海洋生物中的重要性以及这些富含碳的化合物在沿海生态系统中的循环。考虑到渔业持续存在的问题、对新渔业物种的兴趣、栖息地的破坏、未经处理的废水排放以及该地区水产养殖水平的提高，通过沿海食物网水平对脂质生产和运输的研究是及时的。 目的1是比较在温暖和寒冷的海水沿岸生态系统中的脂质生产和转移。同时，目标2是确定实验室饲养实验中膳食脂质的摄取和修饰程度，重点是生物标志物和营养脂质，包括ω-3脂肪酸和植物甾醇。我们还将研究不饱和脂质的潜在有害氧化产物的产生，并测量某些脂质化合物对沿海动物膜的影响。因此，目标3是调查温度和饮食对沿海海洋食物网氧化状态和膜流动性的影响。 脂质转移，氧化和流动性的现场和实验室信息将提供一个更全面的评价脂质在沿海生态系统的重要性，是至关重要的鳍鱼和双壳类亲鱼和幼虫的营养管理。在气候变化加速以及渔业和石油开采带来的压力不断增加的背景下，这项研究将提供工具，帮助管理我国沿着的生物资源。它还将为高素质人员提供跨学科培训，使他们能够使用先进的分析仪器研究自然和人为干扰的生态后果。