Bone metabolism and inflammation in modern and random-bred meat- and egg-type domestic fowl

现代和随机饲养的肉蛋型家禽的骨代谢和炎症

• 批准号: 203719-2013
• 负责人: Korver, Douglas
• 金额: $ 1.82万
• 依托单位: University of Alberta
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=569999
• 关键词: Bone; metabolism; inflammation; modern; random

Modern poultry (meat-type and egg laying chickens) have been intensively genetically selected for over 60 years. Meat-type (boiler) chickens have been selected for rapid growth rate, breast muscle deposition, and efficient conversion of feed to muscle. Egg-type chickens (laying hens) have been selected for high levels of egg production and efficient conversion of feed to egg mass. In both cases, commercial selection has likely resulted in inadvertent selection against factors that counteract rapid growth or high levels of egg production. The inflammatory response is part of the innate immune system, and can cause systemic effects such as decreased feed intake, slower growth rate, and decreased egg production. Even mild inflammation may subtly reduce performance of commercial chickens. The rapid growth rate of broilers reduces the ability of the birds to properly form bones, and the high output of eggs in layers creates a drain on bone calcium that can lead to osteoporosis. Cells of the inflammatory immune system and cells related to bone metabolism are related, and previous research has shown that experimentally-induced inflammation has a negative effect on bone metabolism in chickens. The University of Alberta maintains random-bred lines of chickens that have not been selected for any specific traits over the last 50+ years. These birds provide a fascinating control to examine the unintended consequences of commercial genetic selection. In this research, we will use experimentally-induced systemic inflammation to compare the changes in bone metabolism in modern and unselected meat- and egg-type birds. We will examine the physiological responses to inflammation in each of the lines, as well as the genetic factors that control inflammation and bone metabolism. A greater understanding of avian innate immune function will benefit Canada through allowing Canadian poultry producers to increase productivity and bird welfare, and may benefit Canadian consumers through increased confidence in the welfare of poultry raised for food and food safety of poultry food products.

现代家禽（肉用鸡和产蛋鸡）经过60多年的密集遗传选择， 年选择肉类（锅炉）鸡是因为其生长速度快、胸肌沉积和 将饲料有效转化为肌肉。蛋型鸡（产蛋鸡）已被选定为高水平的 产蛋量和饲料到蛋质量的有效转化。在这两种情况下，商业选择可能 导致了对抑制快速生长或高水平产蛋的因素的无意选择。 炎症反应是先天免疫系统的一部分，并且可以引起全身性效应，例如 采食量减少，生长速度减慢，产蛋量减少。即使是轻微的炎症， 降低商品鸡的生产性能。肉鸡的快速生长速度降低了家禽的能力 以适当地形成骨骼，而蛋鸡中的高产量鸡蛋会导致骨钙流失， 骨质疏松炎症免疫系统的细胞和骨代谢相关的细胞是相关的， 先前的研究表明，实验性炎症对骨骼有负面影响， 鸡的新陈代谢 阿尔伯塔大学保持着随机繁殖的鸡系，这些鸡系没有经过任何特定的选择。 在过去的50+年的特点。这些鸟类提供了一个迷人的对照， 商业基因选择的后果。在这项研究中，我们将使用实验诱导的系统性 炎症，以比较现代和非现代肉类和蛋类鸟类骨代谢的变化。 我们将检查每一个品系对炎症的生理反应，以及遗传因素 控制炎症和骨代谢的细胞 更好地了解鸟类先天免疫功能将使加拿大受益， 家禽生产商，以提高生产力和鸟类福利，并可能受益于加拿大消费者， 提高了对食用家禽福利和家禽食品安全的信心。