The cognitive and neural bases of letter and sound knowledge in reading

阅读中字母和声音知识的认知和神经基础

• 批准号: 238543-2011
• 负责人: Joanisse, Marc
• 金额: $ 3.79万
• 依托单位: University of Western Ontario
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=570441
• 关键词: cognitive; neural; bases; letter; sound

The printed word is an immensely valuable human innovation. It allows a language user to record their thoughts and ideas, and to convey them to other individuals who are not immediately present. Nevertheless, fluent reading requires readers to bring together multiple types of perceptual information and mental knowledge in order process a written text. The present proposal examines a fundamental element of reading: rapidly merging the visual form of language - orthography - with knowledge of the spoken form of language - phonology. We theorize that this audio-visual (A-V) integration process represents a fundamental building block of reading, setting the stage for effective reading acquisition in school-age children and efficient visual word recognition in skilled readers. This Discovery Grant will fund Dr. Marc Joanisse and his research team in the Language, Reading and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory at the University of Western Ontario. We propose a multi-modal experimental approach in which we will study the brain bases of reading using both event-related potentials (ERPs) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In a series of experiments we will examine letter-sound processing in groups of typical reading adults and in school-age children of varying ages. While the primary focus is on reading in English, an alphabetic language, we will also investigate these processes in reading Chinese, a logographic script that contains very few phonetic cues. The results will seek to uncover the rapid and automatic integration of visual and written language in both children and adults. They will allow us to isolate neural markers of reading-specific A-V integration in both adults and children; address whether such markers are unique to written language; specify whether they are universal or occur only for alphabetic languages; and identify how these neural markers are related to different aspects of skilled reading and reading development. The results will also have far-reaching implications for the improved diagnosis and treatment of dyslexia and reading disorders following brain injury.

印刷文字是一项极具价值的人类创新。它允许语言使用者记录他们的想法和想法，并将其传达给其他人。然而，流畅的阅读要求读者将多种类型的感知信息和心理知识结合起来，以便处理书面语篇。目前的建议探讨了阅读的一个基本要素：快速融合语言的视觉形式--正字法--与语言的口语形式--音韵学。我们的理论，这个视听（AV）的整合过程代表了阅读的一个基本组成部分，设置有效的阅读收购学龄儿童和熟练的读者有效的视觉单词识别的阶段。 这项发现补助金将资助西安大略大学语言、阅读和认知神经科学实验室的Marc Joanisse博士和他的研究团队。我们提出了一个多模态的实验方法，我们将研究阅读的大脑基础，使用事件相关电位（ERP）和功能磁共振成像（fMRI）。在一系列的实验中，我们将考察典型的阅读成年人和不同年龄的学龄儿童的字母-声音处理。虽然主要的重点是在英文的阅读，一个字母的语言，我们也将调查这些过程在阅读中文，一个标识文字，包含很少的语音线索。研究结果将试图揭示儿童和成人视觉和书面语言的快速和自动整合。他们将使我们能够分离出成人和儿童阅读特定的A-V整合的神经标记;解决这些标记是否是书面语言所独有的;指定它们是普遍的还是只发生在字母语言中;并确定这些神经标记如何与熟练的阅读和阅读发展的不同方面相关。研究结果也将对改善脑损伤后的阅读障碍和阅读障碍的诊断和治疗产生深远的影响。